Article Text
PDF
Abstract
Background Exposure to particulate matter 2.5 μm or less (PM2.5) that contains transition metals may play a role in systemic oxidative stress and inflammation. Exposure to diesel exhaust (DE) can increase adhesion molecules, which are important in the inflammatory response; however, it is unclear how exercising in DE affects adhesion molecules and how exercise intensity modulates this response.
Aim To determine how DE exposure during exercise of varying intensities affects adhesion molecules and markers of systemic inflammation.
Methods Eighteen males performed 30 min cycling bouts at low intensity and high intensity (30% and 60% of power at VO2peak (peak oxygen consumption) and a control condition (rest)). Each trial was performed once breathing filtered air (FA) and once breathing DE (300 μg/m3 of PM2.5, six trials in total). Prior to, immediately post, 1 and 2 hours post exposure, blood was drawn to measure parameters of a complete blood count and soluble (s) platelet-Selectin, endothelin-Selectin, intracellular cell adhesion molecule (sICAM)-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule (sVCAM)-1. Data were analysed using repeated-measures analysis of variance.
Results Two hours following high-intensity exercise, sICAM-1 was significantly less in DE compared with FA (p=0.008). Immediately following rest (p=0.013) and high-intensity exercise (p=0.042) in DE, sICAM-1 was significantly greater than immediately following low-intensity exercise in DE. There were no significant differences in other markers between DE and FA.
Conclusions Based on this study, healthy individuals may not experience an acute increase in adhesion molecules and systemic inflammatory markers from exercising in DE compared with FA, and higher exercise intensities do not appear to increase the likelihood that DE will affect adhesion molecules and systemic inflammatory markers.
- air pollution
- exercise
- adhesion molecules
- exercise intensity
- inflammatory
This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.
Statistics from Altmetric.com
Footnotes
Contributors LVG: Conceptualisation, performed experiments/ data curation, analysed data, interpreted results of experiments, prepared figures, drafted manuscript, edited and revised manuscript, approved final version of manuscript, agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the work and acquired funding. CC: Conceptualisation, supervision, interpreted results of experiments, edited and revised manuscript, approved final version of manuscript and agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the work. SJT: Performed experiments, interpreted results of experiments, edited and revised manuscript, approved final version of manuscript and agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the work. MSK: Conceptualisation, supervision, analysed data, interpreted results of experiments, edited and revised manuscript, approved final version of manuscript, agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the work and acquired funding.
Funding This work was supported by the Canadian Academy of Sport and Exercise Medicine (grant no 15R44931), Health Canada (grant no 15R66575), the Fraser Basin Council BC Clean Air Research Fund (grant no 15R44554) and the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) (grant no 15R65329).
Competing interests None declared.
Patient consent for publication Not required.
Ethics approval The Clinical Research Ethics Board of the University of British Columbia approved this study (approval no H08-03055).
Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.
Data availability statement Data are available on reasonable request.