BACKGROUND: The problem of anabolic–androgenic steroid (AAS) abuse has recently
generated widespread public and media attention. Most AAS abusers, however, are not elite …

Aims Anabolic–androgenic steroids (AAS) are widely used illicitly to gain muscle and lose
body fat. Here we review the accumulating human and animal evidence showing that AAS …

The anabolic–androgenic steroids (AAS) are a family of hormones that includes testosterone
and its derivatives. These substances have been used by elite athletes since the 1950s, but …

OBJECTIVE: Testosterone supplementation may produce antidepressant effects in men, but
until recently it has required cumbersome parenteral administration. In an 8-week …

Objective: It has been hypothesized that disturbances in affect may represent distinct
etiologic factors for bipolar affective disorder. The neural mechanisms mediating affective …

Objective: The authors sought to expand on previous observations suggesting that body-
image pathology is associated with illicit use of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS). In …

Background: Millions of individuals have used illicit anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS), but
the long-term cardiovascular associations of these drugs remain incompletely understood …

Background and Objectives Although various surveys have tracked the prevalence of
anabolic‐androgenic steroid (AAS) use in American teenagers and young adults, no recent …

Rationale Many neuropsychological studies have documented deficits in working memory
among recent heavy cannabis users. However, little is known about the effects of cannabis …

Aims To assess anabolic‐androgenic steroid (AAS) users' trust in the knowledge and advice
of physicians. Design Interviews of AAS users and non‐users. Setting Research offices …