Neurodegeneration, Neuroprotection, and Disease-Oriented NeuroscienceResearch PaperMolecular aspects involved in swimming exercise training reducing anhedonia in a rat model of depression
Highlights
▶Exercise training rescue dexamethasone-exposed rats from the anhedonic behavior. ▶The exercise antidepressive effect was found at intensity below the anaerobic threshold. ▶The exercise protected depressive rats also from neurochemical alterations.
Section snippets
Animals and reagents
Male Wistar rats of 60 days of life (200–250 g) obtained from the Central Animal House of the Centre for Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil, were used. The animals were maintained on a 12-h light/dark cycle in a constant temperature (22±1 °C) colony room, with free access to water and protein commercial chow (Nuvital, PR, Brazil). The experimental protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee for Animal Research (PP000420/CEUA) of the
Effect of repeated dexamethasone administration on rat body weight and blood corticosterone levels
Fig. 1A shows that the rat body weight was significantly reduced in the dexamethasone-treated groups, starting 6 days after dexamethasone administration and remaining different until the end of the treatment. Three-way ANOVA for repeated measures analysis showed significant effects for dexamethasone treatment [F=157.43; P<0.001], exercise [F=4.38; P<0.05], and days of life [F=81.81; P<0.001]. Interaction was observed between dexamethasone and days of life [F=22.94; P<0.001], and between the two
Discussion
Associated with both morbidity and mortality, depression is a major public health problem throughout the world and is characterized by lowered mood, loss of capacity to experience pleasure, increased sense of worthlessness, fatigue, and preoccupation with death and suicide (Cassano and Fava, 2002, Nestler et al., 2002, Parker et al., 2003, Moussavi et al., 2007, Chapman and Perry, 2008, Helmich et al., 2010). Emerging evidence suggests that exercise may be as effective as psychotherapy and more
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by grants from Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa Científica e Tecnológica do Estado de Santa Catarina, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior. Latini A and de Bem AF are CNPq fellows.
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Authors contribute equally to this work.