2013 Position Development Conference on Bone DensitometryThe Official Positions of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry: Acquisition of Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry Body Composition and Considerations Regarding Analysis and Repeatability of Measures
Section snippets
Background
Task Force 2 was charged with the research and analysis of the published literature covering questions related to the performance and calibration of the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) systems in relationship to body composition measurements. A total of 8 literature searches were performed in PubMed, with major key words related to DXA whole-body phantoms, fat tissue accuracy and precision, lean tissue accuracy and precision, region definition and analysis procedures, artifacts, and
Questions
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What phantoms and procedures should be used for quality control (QC) monitoring and cross-calibration for whole-body outcomes?
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What phantoms should be used to assure a DXA system is working within specifications and with stable calibration over time?
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How can measures be cross-calibrated between systems from different manufacturers?
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How to cross-calibrate measures between systems of the same manufacturer?
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How should the accuracy of percent fat, fat mass, and lean mass be ascertained in the clinical
Questions
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What is the optimal way to prepare and position a patient for whole body scans?
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How should the hands, arms, legs, and feet be positioned?
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How should very obese or patients that do not fit within the scan limits be positioned?
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Questions
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How should whole body scans be analyzed?
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How should arms, legs, and head be sectioned from the trunk?
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If observed in the scan at the time of analysis, how should removable artifacts be addressed?
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If observed in the scan at the time of analysis, how should nonremovable artifacts be addressed?
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How should precision be assessed for body composition measures?
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What is the minimum precision acceptable for a DXA site?
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What is the minimum precision for fat tissue assessment?
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What is the minimum precision for
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Acknowledgments
We appreciate the comments received from representatives of instrument manufacturers, including Kevin Wilson, Tom Sanchez, and David Ergun.
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