Guidelines and Standards
Recommendations for Cardiac Chamber Quantification by Echocardiography in Adults: An Update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2014.10.003Get rights and content

The rapid technological developments of the past decade and the changes in echocardiographic practice brought about by these developments have resulted in the need for updated recommendations to the previously published guidelines for cardiac chamber quantification, which was the goal of the joint writing group assembled by the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. This document provides updated normal values for all four cardiac chambers, including three-dimensional echocardiography and myocardial deformation, when possible, on the basis of considerably larger numbers of normal subjects, compiled from multiple databases. In addition, this document attempts to eliminate several minor discrepancies that existed between previously published guidelines.

Keywords

Adult echocardiography
Transthoracic echocardiography
Ventricular function
Normal values

Abbreviations

AP
Anteroposterior
ASE
American Society of Echocardiography
BSA
Body surface area
CMR
Cardiac magnetic resonance
DTI
Doppler tissue imaging
EACVI
European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging
EDV
End-diastolic volume
EF
Ejection fraction
ESV
End-systolic volume
FAC
Fractional area change
GLS
Global longitudinal strain
I-I
Inner edge–to–inner edge
IVC
Inferior vena cava
LA
Left atrial
L-L
Leading edge–to–leading edge
LV
Left ventricular
MDCT
Multidetector computed tomography
PW
Pulsed-wave
RA
Right atrial
RIMP
Right ventricular index of myocardial performance
RV
Right ventricular
RWT
Relative wall thickness
STE
Speckle-tracking echocardiography
TAPSE
Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion
TAVI
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation
TAVR
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement
TEE
Transesophageal echocardiography
3D
Three-dimensional
3DE
Three-dimensional echocardiography
TTE
Transthoracic echocardiography
2D
Two-dimensional
2DE
Two-dimensional echocardiography

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The following authors reported no actual or potential conflicts of interest in relation to this document: Jonathan Afilalo, MD, MSc, Anderson Armstrong, MD, MSc, Laura Ernande, MD, PhD, Frank A. Flachskampf, MD, FESC, Steven A. Goldstein, MD, Tatiana Kuznetsova, MD, PhD, Patrizio Lancellotti, MD, PhD, FESC, Victor Mor-Avi, PhD, FASE, Michael H. Picard, MD, FASE, Ernst R. Rietzschel, MD, PhD, Kirk T. Spencer, MD, FASE, Wendy Tsang, MD, and Jens-Uwe Voigt, MD, PhD, FESC. The following authors reported relationships with one or more commercial interests: Luigi P. Badano, MD, PhD, FESC, received grants from GE Healthcare, Siemens, and Esaote and serves on the speakers’ bureau for GE Healthcare. Elyse Foster, MD, FASE, received grant support from Abbott Vascular Structural Heart. Roberto M. Lang, MD, FASE, FESC, received grants from and serves on the speakers’ bureau and advisory board for Philips Medical Systems. Denisa Muraru, MD, received research equipment from and served as a consultant for GE Healthcare. Lawrence Rudski, MD, FASE, holds stock in GE.

Drs Lang and Badano co-chaired the Writing Group.

Reprint requests: American Society of Echocardiography, 2100 Gateway Centre Boulevard, Suite 310, Morrisville, NC 27560 (E-mail: [email protected]).

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