Imaging of sports-related muscle injuries☆

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Routine MR imaging protocol

Although recognizing that each patient is unique, certain generalizations may be helpful in designing an appropriate MR imaging protocol. As an absolute minimum, each MR imaging examination generally includes at least two orthogonal planes and pulse sequences. In addition to the requisite axial plane, the second long-axis plane is generally sagittal (when evaluating abnormalities at the anterior or posterior aspect of an extremity) or coronal (when evaluating abnormalities at the medial or

Sports-related injuries

The myotendinous unit in athletes may be avulsed, strained, fatigued, contused, lacerated, herniated, devitalized, or denervated [57], [71], [235], [236]. When an excessive stretching force is applied, the weak link in the chain formed by muscle, tendon, and bone tends to vary depending on the age of the individual. In children, injury caused by excessive tension on the muscle-tendon-bone chain tends to result in apophyseal avulsion fractures because the weak link is located at the physeal

Differential diagnosis

MR imaging facilitates the diagnostic process primarily by detecting alterations in muscle size or signal intensity. Although these alterations may be diagnostic in the appropriate clinical setting, a wide array of focal and systemic pathologic conditions affecting muscle may have a similar appearance. In addition to traumatic muscle injuries that may be related to sports, common categories of disease affecting muscle include ischemia and necrosis, inflammation and infection, congenital and

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    ☆

    Portions of this article have been excerpted and adapted from Boutin RD. Imaging of muscle. In: Resnick D, editor. Diagnosis of bone and joint disorders. 4th edition. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 2001.

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