Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The measurement properties of the IKDC-subjective knee form

  • Knee
  • Published:
Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy Aims and scope

Abstract

Purpose

To evaluate the methodological quality of studies reporting on the measurement properties of the International Knee Documentation Committee subjective knee form (IKDC-SKF) and to evaluate their results following the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health status Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) guidelines.

Methods

Systematic search of articles published about the measurement properties of the IKDC-SKF, review of the studies’ methodological quality, and synthesis of the results using the COSMIN guidelines.

Results

Twenty-six studies were identified and reviewed. There was strong evidence for good internal consistency, test–retest reliability, and responsiveness. There was moderate evidence for good content and structural validity. With the SF36 as a gold standard, the level of evidence for criterion validity was indeterminate. There was conflicting evidence for hypothesis testing and not enough evidence to evaluate measurement error and cross-cultural validity. There were no floor or ceiling effects.

Conclusions

This review shows that the IKDC-SKF is a measurement instrument with good internal consistency, test–retest reliability, content and structural validity, and responsiveness and interpretability (no floor and ceiling effects). Further evaluation of measurement error, minimal important change, and hypotheses testing is recommended. The IKDC-SKF seems to be useful as a general instrument for all kinds of knee injuries, which might facilitate its clinical use in situations in which time is a factor.

Level of evidence

Systematic review, Level III.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Agel J, LaPrade RF (2009) Assessment of differences between the modified Cincinnati and International Knee Documentation Committee patient outcome scores: a prospective study. Am J Sports Med 37(11):2151–2157

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Bartels B, de Groot JF, Terwee CB (2013) The six-minute walk test in chronic pediatric conditions: a systematic review of measurement properties. Phys Ther 93(4):529–541

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Bjorklund K, Andersson L, Dalen N (2009) Validity and responsiveness of the test of athletes with knee injuries: the new criterion based functional performance test instrument. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 17(5):435–445

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Boger EJ, Demain S, Latter S (2013) Self-management: a systematic review of outcome measures adopted in self-management interventions for stroke. Disabil Rehabil 35(17):1415–1428

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Boykin RE, McFeely ED, Shearer D, Frank JS, Harrod CC, Nasreddine AY, Kocher MS (2013) Correlation between the child health questionnaire and the International Knee Documentation Committee score in pediatric and adolescent patients with an anterior cruciate ligament tear. J Pediatr Orthop 33(2):216–220

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Bream E, Charman SC, Clift B, Murray D, Black N (2010) Relationship between patients’ and clinicians’ assessments of health status before and after knee arthroplasty. Qual Saf Health Care 19(6):e6

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Briggs KK, Lysholm J, Tegner Y, Rodkey WG, Kocher MS, Steadman JR (2009) The reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the Lysholm score and Tegner activity scale for anterior cruciate ligament injuries of the knee: 25 years later. Am J Sports Med 37(5):890–897

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Cook C, Hegedus E, Hawkins R, Scovell F, Wyland D (2010) Diagnostic accuracy and association to disability of clinical test findings associated with patellofemoral pain syndrome. Physiother Can 62(1):17–24

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Crawford K, Briggs KK, Rodkey WG, Steadman JR (2007) Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the IKDC score for meniscus injuries of the knee. Arthroscopy 23(8):839–844

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. de Vet HC, Terwee CB, Mokkink HG, Knol DL (2011) Measurement in medicine: a practical guide. University Press, Cambridge

    Book  Google Scholar 

  11. Dobson F, Hinman RS, Hall M, Terwee CB, Roos EM, Bennell KL (2012) Measurement properties of performance-based measures to assess physical function in hip and knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 20(12):1548–1562

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Fu SN, Chan YH (2011) Translation and validation of Chinese version of International Knee Documentation Committee subjective knee form. Disabil Rehabil 33(13–14):1186–1189

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Greco NJ, Anderson AF, Mann BJ, Cole BJ, Farr J, Nissen CW, Irrgang JJ (2010) Responsiveness of the International Knee Documentation Committee subjective knee form in comparison to the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, modified Cincinnati Knee Rating System, and Short Form 36 in patients with focal articular cartilage defects. Am J Sports Med 38(5):891–902

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Haverkamp D, Sierevelt IN, Breugem SJ, Lohuis K, Blankevoort L, van Dijk CN (2006) Translation and validation of the Dutch version of the International Knee Documentation Committee subjective knee form. Am J Sports Med 34(10):1680–1684

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Higgins LD, Taylor MK, Park D, Ghodadra N, Marchant M, Pietrobon R, Cook C (2007) Reliability and validity of the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective knee form. Joint Bone Spine 74(6):594–599

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Irrgang JJ, Anderson AF, Boland AL, Harner CD, Kurosaka M, Neyret P, Richmond JC, Shelborne KD (2001) Development and validation of the International Knee Documentation Committee subjective knee form. Am J Sports Med 29(5):600–613

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Irrgang JJ, Anderson AF, Boland AL, Harner CD, Neyret P, Richmond JC, Shelbourne KD (2006) Responsiveness of the International Knee Documentation Committee subjective knee form. Am J Sports Med 34(10):1567–1573

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Iversen MD, Lee B, Connell P, Andersen J, Anderson AF, Kocher MS (2010) Validity and comprehensibility of the International Knee Documentation Committee subjective knee evaluation form in children. Scand J Med Sci Sports 20(1):e87–e95

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Kimberlin CL, Winterstein AG (2008) Validity and reliability of measurement instruments used in research. Am J Health Syst Pharm 65(23):2276–2284

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Kocher MS, Smith JT, Iversen MD, Brustowicz K, Ogunwole O, Andersen J, Yoo WJ, McFeely ED, Anderson AF, Zurakowski D (2011) Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a modified International Knee Documentation Committee subjective knee form (Pedi-IKDC) in children with knee disorders. Am J Sports Med 39(5):933–939

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Kong DH, Yang SJ, Ha JK, Jang SH, Seo JG, Kim JG (2012) Validation of functional performance tests after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Knee Surg Relat Res 24(1):40–45

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Laboute E, Savalli L, Puig PL, Trouve P, Larbaigt M, Raffestin M (2010) Validity and reproducibility of the PPLP scoring scale in the follow-up of athletes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 53(3):162–179

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Lertwanich P, Praphruetkit T, Keyurapan E, Lamsam C, Kulthanan T (2008) Validity and reliability of Thai version of the International Knee Documentation Committee subjective knee form. J Med Assoc Thai 91(8):1218–1225

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Liberati A, Altman DG, Tetzlaff J, Mulrow C, Gotzsche PC, Ioannidis JP, Clarke M, Devereaux PJ, Kleijnen J, Moher D (2009) The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate healthcare interventions: explanation and elaboration. BMJ 339:b2700

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Lohmander LS, Ostenberg A, Englund M, Roos H (2004) High prevalence of knee osteoarthritis, pain, and functional limitations in female soccer players twelve years after anterior cruciate ligament injury. Arthritis Rheum 50(10):3145–3152

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Lysholm J, Tegner Y (2007) Knee injury rating scales. Acta Orthop 78(4):445–453

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Metsavaht L, Leporace G, Riberto M, de Mello Sposito MM, Batista LA (2010) Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Brazilian version of the International Knee Documentation Committee subjective knee form: validity and reproducibility. Am J Sports Med 38(9):1894–1899

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Metsavaht L, Leporace G, de Mello Sposito MM, Riberto M, Batista LA (2011) What is the best questionnaire for monitoring the physical characteristics of patients with knee osteoarthritis in the Brazilian population? Revista Brasileira de Ortopedia 46(3):256–261

    Google Scholar 

  29. Metsavaht L, Leporace G, Riberto M, Sposito MM, Del Castillo LN, Oliveira LP, Batista LA (2012) Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the lower extremity functional scale into a Brazilian Portuguese version and validation on patients with knee injuries. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 42(11):932–939

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Mokkink LB, Terwee CB, Gibbons E, Stratford PW, Alonso J, Patrick DL, Knol DL, Bouter LM, de Vet HC (2010) Inter-rater agreement and reliability of the COSMIN (COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health status Measurement Instruments) checklist. BMC Med Res Methodol 10:82

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Mokkink LB, Terwee CB, Knol DL, Stratford PW, Alonso J, Patrick DL, Bouter LM, de Vet HC (2010) The COSMIN checklist for evaluating the methodological quality of studies on measurement properties: a clarification of its content. BMC Med Res Methodol 10:22

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Mokkink LB, Terwee CB, Patrick DL, Alonso J, Stratford PW, Knol DL, Bouter LM, de Vet HC (2010) The COSMIN checklist for assessing the methodological quality of studies on measurement properties of health status measurement instruments: an international Delphi study. Qual Life Res 19(4):539–549

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Mokkink LB, Terwee CB, Patrick DL, Alonso J, Stratford PW, Knol DL, Bouter LM, de Vet HC (2010) The COSMIN study reached international consensus on taxonomy, terminology, and definitions of measurement properties for health-related patient-reported outcomes. J Clin Epidemiol 63(7):737–745

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Oiestad BE, Engebretsen L, Storheim K, Risberg MA (2009) Knee osteoarthritis after anterior cruciate ligament injury: a systematic review. Am J Sports Med 37(7):1434–1443

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Padua R, Bondi R, Ceccarelli E, Bondi L, Romanini E, Zanoli G, Campi S (2004) Italian version of the International Knee Documentation Committee subjective knee form: cross-cultural adaptation and validation. Arthroscopy 20(8):819–823

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Petersen MA, Groenvold M, Bjorner JB, Aaronson N, Conroy T, Cull A, Fayers P, Hjermstad M, Sprangers M, Sullivan M, European Organisation for R, Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life G (2003) Use of differential item functioning analysis to assess the equivalence of translations of a questionnaire. Qual Life Res 12(4):373–385

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Piontek T, Ciemniewska-Gorzela K, Naczk J, Cichy K, Szulc A (2012) Linguistic and cultural adaptation into Polish of the IKDC 2000 subjective knee evaluation form and the Lysholm scale. Pol Orthop Traumatol 77:115–119

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Reinke EK, Spindler KP, Lorring D, Jones MH, Schmitz L, Flanigan DC, An AQ, Quiram AR, Preston E, Martin M, Schroeder B, Parker RD, Kaeding CC, Borzi L, Pedroza A, Huston LJ, Harrell FE Jr, Dunn WR (2011) Hop tests correlate with IKDC and KOOS at minimum of 2 years after primary ACL reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 19(11):1806–1816

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Rodriguez-Merchan EC (2012) Knee instruments and rating scales designed to measure outcomes. J Orthop Traumatol 13(1):1–6

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Roos EM, Roos HP, Lohmander LS, Ekdahl C, Beynnon BD (1998) Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS)—development of a self-administered outcome measure. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 28(2):88–96

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Schmitt LC, Paterno MV, Huang S (2010) Validity and internal consistency of the International Knee Documentation Committee subjective knee evaluation form in children and adolescents. Am J Sports Med 38(12):2443–2447

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Shelbourne KD, Barnes AF, Gray T (2012) Correlation of a single assessment numeric evaluation (SANE) rating with modified Cincinnati knee rating system and IKDC subjective total scores for patients after ACL reconstruction or knee arthroscopy. Am J Sports Med 40(11):2487–2491

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Siqueira AC, Baraúna MA, Dionísio VC (2012) Functional evaluation of the knee in subjects with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS): comparison between KOS and IKDC scales. Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte 18(6):400–403

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Terwee CB, Bot SD, de Boer MR, van der Windt DA, Knol DL, Dekker J, Bouter LM, de Vet HC (2007) Quality criteria were proposed for measurement properties of health status questionnaires. J Clin Epidemiol 60(1):34–42

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Terwee CB, Jansma EP, Riphagen II, de Vet HC (2009) Development of a methodological PubMed search filter for finding studies on measurement properties of measurement instruments. Qual Life Res 18(8):1115–1123

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Terwee CB, Schellingerhout JM, Verhagen AP, Koes BW, de Vet HC (2011) Methodological quality of studies on the measurement properties of neck pain and disability questionnaires: a systematic review. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 34(4):261–272

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Terwee CB, Mokkink LB, Knol DL, Ostelo RW, Bouter LM, de Vet HC (2012) Rating the methodological quality in systematic reviews of studies on measurement properties: a scoring system for the COSMIN checklist. Qual Life Res 21(4):651–657

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Tijssen M, van Cingel R, van Melick N, de Visser E (2011) Patient-Reported Outcome questionnaires for hip arthroscopy: a systematic review of the psychometric evidence. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 12:117

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Uijen AA, Heinst CW, Schellevis FG, van den Bosch WJ, van de Laar FA, Terwee CB, Schers HJ (2012) Measurement properties of questionnaires measuring continuity of care: a systematic review. PLoS ONE 7(7):e42256

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. van Meer BL, Meuffels DE, Vissers MM, Bierma-Zeinstra SM, Verhaar JA, Terwee CB, Reijman M (2013) Knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score or International Knee Documentation Committee subjective knee form: which questionnaire is most useful to monitor patients with an anterior cruciate ligament rupture in the short term? Arthroscopy 29(4):701–715

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. von Porat A, Roos EM, Roos H (2004) High prevalence of osteoarthritis 14 years after an anterior cruciate ligament tear in male soccer players: a study of radiographic and patient relevant outcomes. Ann Rheum Dis 63(3):269–273

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Walden M, Hagglund M, Magnusson H, Ekstrand J (2011) Anterior cruciate ligament injury in elite football: a prospective three-cohort study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 19(1):11–19

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden

    Hanna Tigerstrand Grevnerts & Joanna Kvist

  2. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Caroline B. Terwee

Authors
  1. Hanna Tigerstrand Grevnerts
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Caroline B. Terwee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Joanna Kvist
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Joanna Kvist.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary material 1 (DOCX 20 kb)

Supplementary material 2 (DOCX 63 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Grevnerts, H.T., Terwee, C.B. & Kvist, J. The measurement properties of the IKDC-subjective knee form. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 23, 3698–3706 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-014-3283-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-014-3283-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation