General risk factors for rugby-related stress urinary incontinence in symptomatic and asymptomatic players (% (n); means±SD)
| Risk factor | Level | Symptomatic | Asymptomatic |
| Smoking | No | 88% (152) | 88% (197) |
| Yes | 12% (20) | 12% (27) | |
| Incomplete emptying after bowel movement | No | 43% (74) | 61% (136) |
| Yes | 57% (98) | 39% (88) | |
| Pain during sex | No | 48% (82) | 45% (100) |
| Yes | 43% (74) | 48% (107) | |
| N/A | 9% (16) | 8% (17) | |
| Caffeine intake | None | 17% (30) | 21% (48) |
| Caffeinated drinks | 77% (133) | 77% (172) | |
| Decaffeinated drinks | 5% (9) | 2% (4) | |
| Fizzy drinks | None | 39% (67) | 46% (103) |
| Fizzy drinks | 49% (84) | 45% (100) | |
| Sparkling | 12% (21) | 9% (21) | |
| Body mass index | Mean | 30.2±8.5 | 27.3±6.3 |
| Given birth | No | 38% (66) | 87% (194) |
| Yes | 62% (106) | 13% (30) | |
| Time to return to play following childbirth (weeks) | Mean | 108±157 | 88±112 |