Participant characteristics compared between consideration of banned PES use groups (n=946)
| Characteristic | Has considered the use of banned PES (n=28) | Has not considered the use of banned PES (n=918) | P value | ||
| Freq. | (%) | Freq. | (%) | ||
| Gender (% male) | 19 | (68%) | 394 | (43%) | 0.01 |
| Age | 16.4 | 2.64 | 13.9 | 2.97 | <0.001 |
| Median income | 0.51 | ||||
| Lower-middle | 0 | (0%) | 81 | (9%) | |
| Upper-middle | 24 | (86%) | 683 | (74%) | |
| High | 4 | (14%) | 154 | (17%) | |
| White (n=916)* | 22 | (79%) | 772 | (87%) | 0.21 |
| Medical history | |||||
| Asthma | 6 | (21%) | 164 | (18%) | 0.63 |
| ADD/ADHD | 6 | (21%) | 85 | (9%) | 0.04 |
| Anorexia/bulimia | 1 | (4%) | 3 | (0%) | 0.04 |
| Anxiety | 2 | (7%) | 63 | (7%) | 0.95 |
| Depression | 2 | (7%) | 25 | (3%) | 0.18 |
| Diabetes | 0 | (0%) | 4 | (0%) | 0.99 |
| Migraine | 2 | (7%) | 55 | (6%) | 0.80 |
| Sport specialisation | 26 | (93%) | 733 | (80%) | 0.14 |
| Sport group | |||||
| Contact sport | 25 | (89%) | 738 | (80%) | 0.25 |
| Limited-contact | 5 | (18%) | 252 | (28%) | 0.27 |
| Non-contact | 7 | (25%) | 383 | (42%) | 0.08 |
| Cigarette use (n=663)* | 0 | (0%) | 1 | (0%) | 0.99 |
| Alcohol use (n=662)* | 7 | (27%) | 89 | (14%) | 0.07 |
| Age started organised sports | 6 | (5-7) | 5 | (4-6) | 0.22 |
| Relative is a coach | 3 | (11%) | 110 | (12%) | 0.84 |
| Number of seasons with coach | 0 | (0–2) | 0 | (0–0) | 0.73 |
| Unrestricted internet access | 18 | (64%) | 466 | (51%) | 0.16 |
| Reason for playing sports | 0.76 | ||||
| To have fun | 11 | (39%) | 499 | (54%) | |
| Stay fit | 3 | (11%) | 80 | (9%) | |
| Make friends | 2 | (7%) | 10 | (1%) | |
| Win a championship | 4 | (14%) | 73 | (8%) | |
| Be part of a team | 5 | (18%) | 133 | (15%) | |
| To be strong | 1 | (4%) | 20 | (2%) | |
| To make parents happy | 0 | (0%) | 3 | (0%) | |
| Unspecified | 2 | (7%) | 100 | (11%) | |
| Use of weight training regimen | 19 | (68%) | 379 | (41%) | 0.007 |
| Belief that athletic ability is influenced by weight | 20 | (71%) | 433 | (47%) | 0.02 |
| History of intentional weight loss | 10 | (36%) | 175 | (19%) | 0.03 |
| History of intentional weight gain | 10 | (36%) | 108 | (12%) | <0.001 |
| Weeknight hours of sleep | 7.6 | 0.9 | 8.1 | 1.25 | 0.06 |
| Weekend hours of sleep | 8.8 | 1.18 | 9.2 | 1.29 | 0.18 |
*The number in parentheses represents the number of cases with available data for the given characteristic.