Secondary outcome measures at baseline, 6 weeks and 12 weeks
| Flat, flexible school shoe | Traditional school shoe | |||||
| Baseline | 6 weeks* | 12 weeks† | Baseline | 6 weeks‡ | 12 weeks§ | |
| Worst pain¶ | 6.1 (1.4) | 4.8 (1.9) | 4.3 (1.8) | 6.7 (1.9) | 5.2 (2.3) | 6.0 (2.1) |
| Usual pain¶ | 3.4 (1.4) | 3.2 (1.4) | 2.7 (2.3) | 3.7 (1.9) | 3.4 (1.9) | 3.3 (1.3) |
| KOOS-Child** | ||||||
| KOOS-Pain | 63.5 (11.7) | 55.8 (9.8) | 60.3 (13.4) | 49.3 (15.1) | 56.9 (10.7) | 52.6 (10.4) |
| KOOS-Symptoms | 60.8 (20.3) | 71.5 (14.3) | 77.1 (17.4) | 47.4 (8.8) | 67.2 (17.6) | 65.6 (15.5) |
| KOOS-ADL’s | 77.4 (9.2) | 83.9 (16.7) | 82.9 (16.7) | 69.2 (17.4) | 75.7 (18.4) | 78.4 (13.0) |
| KOOS-Sport | 55.0 (10.4) | 61.8 (18.4) | 68.4 (19.1) | 47.5 (19.5) | 61.5 (24.9) | 63.6 (18.0) |
| KOOS-QOL | 59.5 (15.3) | 62.6 (17.0) | 71.3 (17.9) | 51.3 (13.7) | 61.6 (14.8) | 60.1 (13.4) |
| KOOS-PF†† | 54.5 (11.8) | 65.2 (21.5) | 70.2 (16.1) | 47.2 (16.8) | 61.6 (21.2) | 60.2 (14.9) |
| AKPS‡‡ | 74.0 (8.6) | 77.5 (12.4) | 81.7 (11.5) | 64.4 (14.3) | 75.9 (12.3) | 71.6 (11.9) |
| YQOL-SF§§ | 82.6 (14.9) | 78.4 (25.4) | 86.3 (14.5) | 72.5 (18.9) | 66.2 (22.6) | 68.3 (21.1) |
Values are mean (SD) unless otherwise indicated.
*n=12,
†n=12.
‡n=11.
§n=10.
¶Pain measured on 11-point numerical rating scale; 0=no pain, 10=worst pain imaginable.
**Knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score—child version; 0–100 points with 0 indicating extreme knee problems and 100 indicating no knee problems.
††Knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score—patellofemoral subscale; 0–100 points with 0 indicating extreme knee problems and 100 indicating no knee problems.
‡‡Anterior knee pain scale; 0–100 points; 0–100 with lower scores indicating greater knee pain and functional limitations.
§§Youth quality of life—short form; 0–100 points; 0–100 where higher scores indicate a better self-reported quality of life.
AKPS, Anterior Knee Pain Scale; KOOS, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score; KOOS-ADL's, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score- Activities of daily living; KOOS-PF, KOOS-Patellofemoral; KOOS-QOL, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score - Quality of Life; YQOL-SF, Youth Quality of Life Short Form.