Meta-data of the 20 included studies
| Total sample size | Former athletes n=6535 Controls n=12 524 |
| Study design | Cross-sectional study n=16 (80%) Retrospective study n=2 (10%) Cohort study n=1 (5%) Other n=1 (5%) |
| Method of testing | In-person testing n=17 (85%) Internet/email n=2 (10%) Mail n=1 (5%) |
| Country of origin | Europe n=11 (55%) Finland n=4 (20%) Estonia n=2 (10%) Portugal n=2 (10%) Germany n=1 (5%) Poland n=1 (5%) Sweden n=1 (5%) USA n=5 (25%) Brazil n=1 (5%) India n=1 (5%) Iran n=1 (5%) International (multiple countries) n=1 (5%) |
| Sex | Male only n=12 (60%) Female only n=4 (20%) Both male and female n=4 (20%) |
| Former athlete sport | Multisport n=9 (45%) Endurance sports n=4 (20%) American football n=3 (15%) Soccer (football) n=3 (15%) Javelin/high jump n=1 (5%) |
| Former athlete level of competition | International/national (60%) Olympics n=7 (35%) Professional n=5 (25%) National Football League n=3 (15%) Collegiate n=2 (10%) NCAA division 1 n=1 (5%) NCAA division 3 n=1 (5%) Youth n=1 (5%) |
Values are presented as number (n) and percent (%).
NCAA, National Collegiate Athletic Association.