Table 1

General characteristics of the study sample

CharacteristicAll sample (n=972)
Male785 (80.8%)
Age, year58 (50, 66)
Risk factors 
 Hypertension521 (53.6%)
 Diabetes mellitus172 (17.7%)
 Tobacco use (actual)14 (1.4%)
Previous cardiovascular disease 
 Coronary artery disease791 (81.4%)
 Coronary angioplasty502 (51.6%)
 Myocardial infarction411 (42.3%)
 Heart surgery279 (28.7%)
 Heart failure259 (26.6%)
Anthropometry 
 Weight, kg77.0 (68.0, 86.6)
 Height, m1.70 (1.64, 1.76)
 Body mass index, kg/m226.5 (24.5, 29.2)
Medications, percentual of use 
 ACEi/ARB376 (38.7%)
 Diuretics307 (31.6%)
 Beta-blockers765 (78.7%)
 Atenolol98 (10.1%)
 Bisoprolol240 (24.7%)
 Carvedilol161 (16.6%)
 Metoprolol240 (24.7%)
 Nebivolol20 (2.1%)
 Propranolol6 (0.6%)
 Medications’ dose, mg per day 
 Atenolol50 (25, 50)
 Bisoprolol2.5 (2.5, 5.0)
 Carvedilol25 (12.5, 50)
 Metoprolol50 (25, 100)
 Nebivolol5.0 (2.5, 5.0)
 Propranolol80 (80, 80)

  • Data expressed as median and IQR or absolute and relative frequencies n (%).

  • ACEi/ARB, ACE inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers.