Table 1

Comparison of few heat guidelines across sports and countries with regard to the risk of heat-related illnesses

Risk categoryFIFAACSMSMAFootball AustraliaBOKSMARTUS soccer
WBGT (°C)WBGT (°C)WBGT (°C)WBGT (°C)WBGT (°C)WBGT (°C)
CAT 1CAT 2CAT 3
Low<24<22<28<26<24<27<28
Moderate24–2922–2528–30*26–28*25–2927–30*28–31*
High30–3226–2831–33>28*29–3031–3232–33
Extreme>32*†>28†>33†>28†>30*†>32†>33†
  • *Recommendation to introduce mandatory drinks breaks.

  • †Recommendation to cancel game.

  • ACSM, American College of Sports Medicine; CAT, category (CAT 1, 2 and 3 in US Soccer guidelines grouped by geographical location of venue); FIFA, Fédération Internationale de Football Association; SMA, Sports Medicine Australia; WBGT, Wet Bulb Globe Temperature.