Exploratory variables
| HIT | Standard care | Treatment effect | P | |||
| n=29 | n=37 | |||||
| Baseline | 12 months | Baseline | 12 months | Change (95% CI) | ||
| Clinical features | ||||||
| Weight, kg | 75±13 | 81±16* | 78±15 | 81±17* | 2.9 (0.02 to 5.86) | 0.05 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 24.4±3.3 | 26.4±4.0* | 25.3±3.9 | 26.3±4.3* | 1.0 (0.1 to 2.0) | 0.04 |
| Systolic BP, mm Hg | 131±10 | 139±11* | 133±13 | 135±15 | 6.7 (0.5 to 12.9) | 0.03 |
| Diastolic BP, mm Hg | 79±5 | 86±6* | 81±8 | 83±11 | 5.1 (1.0 to 9.1) | 0.01 |
| Biochemistry | ||||||
| CRP, mg/L | 2.7 (1.0 to 4.2) | 2.0 (0.6 to 5.5) | 2.3 (0.9 to 6.7) | 2.0 (0.6 to 3.8) | 8.2 (0.6 to 15.8) | 0.03 |
| HbA1c, % | 5.5 (5.1 to 6.4) | 5.8 (5.2 to 6.8) | 5.4 (5.0 to 6.0) | 5.5 (5.2 to 5.8) | 0.3 (–0.1 to 0.6) | 0.12 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 5.0 (4.6 to 5.8) | 5.1 (4.5 to 5.5) | 4.8 (4.3 to 5.7) | 4.5 (3.7 to 6.1) | –0.1 (–0.8 to 0.6) | 0.78 |
| LDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 2.8 (2.3 to 3.5) | 2.9 (2.4 to 3.2) | 2.7 (2.1 to 3.1) | 2.4 (2.0 to 3.3) | –0.2 (–0.6 to 0.3) | 0.43 |
| HS-troponin T, ng/L | 27 (19 to 66) | 11 (7 to 20)* | 33 (20 to 56) | 13 (8 to 27)* | –1.0 (–17.4 to 15.5) | 0.91 |
| NT-proBNP, pmol/L | 100 (64 to 217) | 42 (14 to 61)* | 108 (74 to 173) | 28 (19 to 58)* | –43 (–102 to 15) | 0.15 |
| Creatinine, µmol/L | 117±35 | 99±21* | 119±29 | 104±28* | –2.7 (–14.5 to 9.1) | 0.65 |
| Rejection score | 0.38 | |||||
| 0 | 19 (66) | 18 (62) | 22 (59) | 17 (46) | ||
| 1 | 6 (21) | 5 (17) | 7 (19) | 9 (24) | ||
| 2 | 1 (3) | 2 (7) | 4 (11) | 6 (16) | ||
| 3 | 2 (7) | 2 (7) | 1 (3) | 0 | ||
| 4 | 0 | 1 (3) | 1 (3) | 1 (3) | ||
| 5 | 0 | 0 | 2 (5) | 2 (5) | ||
| 6 | 1 (3) | 0 | 0 | 2 (5) | ||
| 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| 8 | 0 | 1 (3) | 0 | 0 | ||
| Peak oxygens consumption, L/min | 1.5±0.4 | 2.0±0.6* | 1.6±0.4 | 2.0±0.6* | 0.2 (–0.01 to 0.33) | 0.06 |
| Right heart catheterisation | ||||||
| RAP, mm Hg | 5±3 | 4±3 | 5±3 | 4±3* | 0.7 (–1.2 to 2.6) | 0.46 |
| PCWP, mm Hg | 13±6 | 10±5* | 11±5 | 10±5 | –1.5 (–4.0 to 1.1) | 0.27 |
| CO, L/min | 7.0±1.7 | 7.0±1.9 | 6.6±1.7 | 6.9±1.5 | –0.2 (–1.0 to 0.6) | 0.59 |
| CI, L/min/m2 | 3.9±1.1 | 3.7±0.8 | 3.4±0.8 | 4.1±3.5 | –1.0 (–2.3 to 0.5) | 0.20 |
Data are n (%), median (IQR), or mean±SD values. P values are from mixed-effects multilevel regression and are for between-groups comparisons.
*P<0.05 within group.
CAV, cardiac allograft vasculopathy; CRP, C reactive protein; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; HIT, high-intensity interval training; HS, high sensitivity; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide.