Transthoracic echocardiography
| HIT | Standard care | Treatment effect | P | |||
| n=29 | n=37 | |||||
| Baseline | 12 months | Baseline | 12 months | Change (95% CI) | ||
| Dimensions | ||||||
| IVSd (mm) | 10.2±1.5 | 9.9±1.3 | 10.6±1.6 | 10.3±1.5* | 0.03 (–0.28 to 0.33) | 0.86 |
| LVPWd (mm) | 9.1±1.3 | 8.9±1.2* | 9.2±1.0 | 8.9±1.0* | 0.03 (–0.26 to 0.32) | 0.83 |
| LVIDd (mm) | 48.4±4.8 | 48.3±5.0 | 48.6±4.1 | 47.6±4.4* | 0.6 (–0.1 to 1.3) | 0.09 |
| IVSs (mm) | 13.8±1.3 | 13.7±1.2 | 14.1±1.3 | 14.3±2.3 | –0.3 (–0.9 to 0.4) | 0.43 |
| LVPWs (mm) | 14.7±1.4 | 14.6±1.2 | 14.8±1.2 | 14.7±1.1 | 0.1 (–0.1 to 0.4) | 0.32 |
| LVIDs (mm) | 31.9±2.7 | 32.1±3.2 | 31.5±3.4 | 31.1±3.4 | 0.5 (–0.1 to 1.2) | 0.12 |
| LVM ACE (gr) | 157.3±28.9 | 158.5±30.5 | 157.6±25.4 | 153.7±26.7 | 4.6 (–1.6 to 10.8) | 0.14 |
| LVMI ACE (gr) | 81.8±12.9 | 80.7±13.5 | 82.0±10.6 | 79.3±12.1 | 1.8 (–2.0 to 5.6) | 0.35 |
| Diastolic function | ||||||
| EA-ratio | 1.88±0.37 | 1.86±0.39 | 1.92±0.63 | 1.86±0.38 | 0.02 (–0.22 to 0.26) | 0.88 |
| IVRT (ms) | 85±14 | 83±12 | 87±13 | 89±15 | –3.0 (–9.6 to 3.5) | 0.37 |
| EdecT (ms) | 162±28 | 158±27 | 165±27 | 160±29 | 3.1 (–14.1 to 18.4) | 0.79 |
| Systolic function | ||||||
| HR (beats/min) | 88±11 | 89±12 | 82±11 | 87±11 | –3.5 (–8.7 to 1.7) | 0.19 |
| SV (mL) | 66.5±13.8 | 66.4±14.8 | 72.5±14.3 | 69.6±14.4 | 2.6 (–1.3 to 8.9) | 0.15 |
| CO, L/min | 5.8±1.2 | 5.8±1.1 | 5.9±1.1 | 5.9±1.0 | 0.09 (–0.27 to 0.46) | 0.62 |
| CI, L/min/m2 | 3.1±0.5 | 3.0±0.6 | 3.1±0.5 | 3.0±0.5 | –0.003 (–0.208 to 0.201) | 0.97 |
| EF Biplan (%) | 54±3 | 54±3 | 55±3 | 54±2* | 1.1 (–0.2 to 2.3) | 0.09 |
| GLS (%) | 15.8±1.7 | 16.3±1.2 | 16.1±2.2 | 15.6±2.2 | –1.1 (–2.0 to –0.2) | 0.02 |
| EDV (mL) | 128.2±19.0 | 128.5±20.8 | 128.0±16.3 | 123.4±15.5* | 4.9 (0.5 to 9.2) | 0.03 |
| ESV (mL) | 60.0±10.0 | 59.3±10.9 | 57.6±7.8 | 56.7±7.5 | –0.2 (–2.8 to 2.5) | 0.91 |
Data are mean±SD values or mean (95% CI). p values are from mixed-effects multilevel regression and are for between-groups comparisons.
*P<0.05 within group.
CI, cardiac index; CO, cardiac output; EdecT, e deceleration time; EDV, end diastolic volume; EF, ejection fraction; ESV, end systolic volume; GLS, global longitudinal strain; HIT, high-intensity interval training; IVRT, isovolumic relaxation time; IVSd, interventricular septal end diastole; IVSs, interventricular septal end systole; LVIDd, left ventricular internal diameter end diastole; LVIDs, left ventricular internal diameter end systole; LVM, left ventricular mass; LVMI, left ventricular mass index; LVPWd, left ventricular posterior wall end diastole; LVPWs, left ventricular posterior wall end systole; SV, stroke volume.