Table 4

Linear regression analyses of ABQ-score versus covariates

	All athletes (N=210)						Endurance sports (N=57)		Technical sports (N=47)		Team sports (N=106)
	Both sexes		Boys (N=135)		Girls (N=75)		Both sexes		Both sexes		Both sexes
	P value	B (95% CI)	P value	B (95% CI)	P value	B (95% CI)	P value	B (95% CI)	P value	B (95% CI)	P value	B (95% CI)
All health problems	<0.001	0.16 (0.09 to 0.22)	0.004	0.16 (0.05 to 0.26)	0.012	0.12 (0.03 to 0.22)	0.029	0.21 (0.02 to 0.4)	0.10	0.13 (−0.03 to 0.3)	<0.001	0.15 (0.07 to 0.23)
Illness	0.006	0.18 (0.05 to 0.3)	0.95	−0.01 (−0.24 to 0.23)	0.023	0.19 (0.03 to 0.35)	0.015	0.25 (0.05 to 0.44)	0.51	0.1 (−0.2 to 0.39)	0.011	0.32 (0.07 to 0.56)
Acute injuries	0.016	0.15 (0.03 to 0.28)	0.001	0.28 (0.12 to 0.43)	0.97	0.00 (−0.2 to 0.19)	0.75	0.22 (−1.18 to 1.62)	0.02	0.38 (0.06 to 0.7)	0.20	0.09 (−0.05 to 0.23)
Overuse injuries	0.024	0.11 (0.01 to 0.21)	0.38	0.07 (−0.08 to 0.22)	0.14	0.10 (−0.03 to 0.23)	0.56	−0.19 (−0.85 to 0.47)	0.88	0.02 (−0.2 to 0.23)	0.011	0.14 (0.03 to 0.25)
Chronic illness	0.47	0.08 (−0.14 to 0.31)	0.40	0.11 (−0.15 to 0.38)	0.88	0.03 (−0.37 to 0.44)	0.76	0.07 (−0.41 to 0.56)	0.06	0.42 (−0.01 to 0.85)	0.41	−0.13 (−0.45 to 0.18)
Allergies	0.98	0.00 (−0.19 to 0.18)	0.73	0.04 (−0.17 to 0.25)	0.86	−0.03 (−0.37 to 0.31)	0.99	0.00 (−0.39 to 0.38)	0.43	0.15 (−0.24 to 0.54)	0.59	−0.07 (−0.32 to 0.19)
QBPNS-score (1–5)	<0.001	−0.25 (−0.36 to –0.14)	<0.001	−0.27 (−0.39 to –0.16)	0.011	−0.32 (−0.57 to –0.08)	0.031	−0.29 (−0.56 to –0.03)	0.08	−0.22 (−0.46 to 0.03)	0.001	−0.24 (−0.39 to –0.1)
Influence on training week (1–5)
Personal	0.016	−0.14 (−0.26 to –0.03)	0.09	−0.12 (−0.25 to 0.02)	0.06	−0.2 (−0.42 to 0.01)	0.012	−0.39 (−0.68 to –0.09)	0.44	−0.11 (−0.4 to 0.18)	0.31	−0.07 (−0.22 to 0.07)
Coach	<0.001	−0.28 (−0.38 to –0.17)	<0.001	−0.35 (−0.46 to –0.23)	0.09	−0.17 (−0.36 to 0.02)	<0.001	−0.41 (−0.6 to –0.22)	0.028	−0.33 (−0.62 to –0.04)	0.015	−0.17 (−0.31 to –0.03)
Parents	0.56	−0.02 (−0.1 to 0.06)	0.53	−0.03 (−0.12 to 0.06)	0.70	−0.03 (−0.19 to 0.13)	0.83	−0.02 (−0.22 to 0.18)	0.74	0.03 (−0.16 to 0.22)	0.46	−0.04 (−0.14 to 0.06)
Social environment (1–5)
Sports	<0.001	−0.21 (−0.33 to –0.1)	<0.001	−0.23 (−0.36 to –0.11)	0.14	−0.16 (−0.38 to 0.05)	0.20	−0.21 (−0.53 to 0.11)	0.014	−0.25 (−0.45 to –0.05)	0.024	−0.18 (−0.33 to –0.02)
School	0.012	−0.13 (−0.24 to –0.03)	0.17	−0.09 (−0.21 to 0.04)	0.11	−0.15 (−0.34 to 0.04)	0.17	−0.16 (−0.39 to 0.07)	0.018	−0.28 (−0.51 to –0.05)	0.33	−0.07 (−0.2 to 0.07)
Goal achievement school (1–5)	0.19	−0.07 (−0.17 to 0.04)	0.45	−0.05 (−0.16 to 0.07)	0.044	−0.21 (−0.42 to –0.01)	0.18	−0.14 (−0.35 to 0.07)	0.29	−0.14 (−0.4 to 0.12)	0.91	0.01 (−0.13 to 0.14)
Travel time to school (min)	0.33	0.00 (0 to 0.01)	0.08	0.00 (0 to 0.01)	0.36	0.00 (−0.01 to 0.00)	0.30	0.01 (−0.01 to 0.02)	0.58	0.00 (−0.01 to 0.01)	0.99	−0.05 (−5.87 to 5.77)
Major life events	0.35	0.09 (−0.11 to 0.29)	0.20	0.15 (−0.08 to 0.38)	0.88	−0.03 (−0.38 to 0.32)	0.24	0.26 (−0.18 to 0.69)	0.66	0.09 (−0.34 to 0.53)	0.99	0 (−0.26 to 0.26)
Living away from home
1 year	0.80	0.02 (−0.17 to 0.22)	0.90	0.01 (−0.22 to 0.24)	0.79	0.05 (−0.31 to 0.4)	0.11	−0.29 (−0.66 to 0.07)	0.72	0.08 (−0.37 to 0.53)	0.006	0.43 (0.13 to 0.73)
2 years	0.92	0.01 (−0.19 to 0.21)	0.66	−0.05 (−0.28 to 0.18)	0.61	0.09 (−0.26 to 0.43)	0.25	−0.21 (−0.58 to 0.16)	0.66	0.09 (−0.34 to 0.53)	0.08	0.27 (−0.03 to 0.57)
3 years	0.96	0.00 (−0.19 to 0.2)	0.64	−0.06 (−0.29 to 0.17)	0.61	0.09 (−0.26 to 0.43)	0.30	−0.19 (−0.56 to 0.18)	0.66	0.09 (−0.34 to 0.53)	0.12	0.24 (−0.06 to 0.54)

Values for ‘all health problems’, ‘illnesses’, ‘acute injuries’ and ‘overuse injuries’ are yearly averages per athlete and given in thousands.
ABQ, Athlete Burnout Questionnaire; B, regression coefficient; QBPNS, Questionnaire of Basic Psychological Need Support.