Table 3

ABQ-score and covariates compared between sexes and sports categories

Males versus femalesSports cat.Team versus enduranceTeam versus technicalTechnical versus endurance
T-test/proportion testANOVAT-test/proportion testT-test/proportion testT-test/proportion test
P valuediff (95% CI)P valueP valuediff (95% CI)P valuediff (95% CI)P valuediff (95% CI)
ABQ-score (1–5)0.002−0.3 (−0.5 to –0.1)0.290.170.1 (−0.1 to 0.3)0.790.0 (−0.2 to 0.2)0.200.2 (−0.1 to 0.4)
All health problems<0.001−771 (−1108 to –435)0.0180.007554 (151 to 957)0.14344 (−109 to 798)0.31209 (−197 to 616)
 Illness<0.001−384 (−571 to –197)<0.001<0.001−531 (−741 to –320)0.17−126 (−307 to 56)0.011−405 (−716 to –94)
 Acute injuries0.51−66 (−262 to 131)<0.001<0.001548 (329 to 768)0.08237 (−26 to 500)<0.001312 (158 to 465)
 Overuse injuries0.012−322 (−571 to –72)<0.001<0.001536 (259 to 813)0.18233 (−113 to 579)0.019303 (52 to 554)
Chronic illness0.910.01 (−0.10 to 0.11)0.520.76−0.02 (−0.14 to 0.10)0.26−0.08 (−0.22 to 0.06)0.460.06 (−0.10 to 0.21)
Allergies0.420.05 (−0.08 to 0.19)0.360.26−0.09 (−0.24 to 0.07)0.22−0.10 (−0.26 to 0.06)0.880.01 (−0.17 to 0.20)
QBPNS-score (1–5)0.031−0.2 (−0.4 to 0.0)0.001<0.001−0.4 (−0.7 to –0.2)0.13−0.2 (−0.5 to 0.1)0.09−0.2 (−0.5 to 0.0)
Influence on training week (1–5)
 Personal0.870.0 (−0.2 to 0.2)0.0370.024−0.3 (−0.5 to 0.0)0.09−0.2 (−0.5 to 0.0)0.700.0 (−0.3 to 0.2)
 Coach0.690.0 (−0.3 to 0.2)0.280.14−0.2 (−0.5 to 0.1)0.43−0.1 (−0.4 to 0.2)0.52−0.1 (−0.4 to 0.2)
 Parents0.53−0.1 (−0.4 to 0.2)0.490.26−0.2 (−0.6 to 0.2)0.5−0.1 (−0.5 to 0.3)0.72−0.1 (−0.5 to 0.3)
Social environment (1–5)
 Sports0.730.0 (−0.2 to 0.2)0.290.36−0.1 (−0.3 to 0.1)0.360.1 (−0.1 to 0.4)0.12−0.2 (−0.5 to 0.1)
 School (1–5)0.0150.3 (0.1 to 0.5)0.720.780.0 (−0.2 to 0.3)0.430.1 (−0.2 to 0.4)0.62−0.1 (−0.4 to 0.2)
Goal achievement school (1–5)0.043−0.2 (−0.5 to 0.0)0.590.35−0.1 (−0.4 to 0.1)0.990.0 (−0.3 to 0.3)0.40−0.1 (−0.5 to 0.2)
Travel time to school (min)0.09−5 (−10 to 1)0.100.244 (−2 to 10)0.20−5 (−12 to 3)0.0328 (1 to 16)
Living away from home
 1 year0.920.01 (−0.12 to 0.13)<0.001<0.001−0.30 (−0.44 to –0.15)0.28−0.07 (−0.21 to 0.07)0.019−0.22 (−0.40 to –0.04)
 2 years0.66−0.03 (−0.15 to 0.10)<0.001<0.001−0.27 (−0.42 to –0.12)0.22−0.09 (−0.23 to 0.06)0.05−0.18 (−0.36 to 0.00)
 3 years0.74−0.02 (−0.15 to 0.10)<0.001<0.001−0.29 (−0.43 to –0.14)0.22−0.09 (−0.23 to 0.06)0.034−0.20 (−0.38 to –0.02)
Major life events0.72−0.02 (−0.15 to 0.10)0.880.610.04 (−0.10 to 0.17)0.910.01 (−0.14 to 0.16)0.750.03 (−0.14 to 0.19)
  • T-tests are used for comparisons in continuous variables, and proportion tests for dichotomous. Comparisons with statistically significant findings are marked in bold.

  • ABQ, Athlete Burnout Questionnaire; ANOVA, analysis of variance; diff, difference in mean.