Acute responses to exercise-specific outcomes
| Golf | Nordic walk | Walk | P value* | P value† | P value‡ | P value§ | |
| All (n=25) | All (n=25) | All (n=25) | |||||
| Physical outcomes | |||||||
| Distance (km) | 8.8±1.2 | 6.0±0.2 | 5.9±1.3 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.124 |
| Duration (min) | 210±30 | 61±6 | 59±5 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 1.000 |
| Steps | 13446±1314 | 7090±664 | 6866±606 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 1.000 |
| Pace (min/km) | 24±5 | 10±1 | 10±1 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 1.000 |
| Heart rate max. (bpm) | 134±13 | 138±17 | 137±16 | 0.787 | |||
| Heart rate avg. (bpm) | 110±15 | 126±17 | 121±14 | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.087 | 0.841 |
| Heart rate min. (bpm) | 77±14 | 85±17 | 80±20 | 0.523 | |||
| Energy expenditure (Kcal) | 1377±301 | 503±86 | 494±69 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 1.000 |
n (total)=25, n (men) = 16 (64%), n (women)=9 (36%).
Quantitative variables were expressed as means±SD and expressed in mean (95% CI).
Bold values indicates a statistically significant difference with a p-value less than 0.05.
*Comparison of the difference between all groups by Kruskal-Wallis test.
†Pairwise comparison, Kruskal-Wallis H test with post hoc adjusted via Bonferroni correction: Golf versus Nordic walking.
‡Pairwise comparison, Kruskal-Wallis H test with post hoc adjusted with Bonferroni correction: Golf versus walking.
§Pairwise comparison, Kruskal-Wallis H test with post hoc adjusted with Bonferroni correction: Nordic walking versus walking.