Table 2

Gross fall descriptors

DescriptorDefinition
Type of inciting eventHorse fall: horse’s shoulder and quarters contact the ground or the obstacle and the ground
Jockey fall/unseated: jockey’s involuntary dismount from his/her horse
Speed of inciting eventStationary: no visible movement
Slow: walking
Moderate: trot or canter
Fast: gallop
Interaction between jockey and horse(s)Horse fall no subsequent contact with jockey
Horse fall—jockey contacted/trampled by own horse
Horse fall—jockey contacted/trampled by other horse
Horse fall—jockey contacted/trampled by own and other horse(s)
No horse fall—jockey unseated no subsequent contact sustained
No horse fall—jockey contacted/trampled by own horse
No horse fall—jockey contacted/trampled by other horse(s)
No horse fall—jockey contacted/trampled by own and other horse(s)
Number of horse fallersNumber of horses that fell during the same inciting event (count)
Number of jockey fallersNumber of jockeys that were unseated/fell during the same inciting event (count)
Jockey contact with reins (during inciting event)Let go prior to landing: jockey released reins prior to landing/sustaining first impact
Hung on to rein(s): jockey maintained contact with reins during fall and upon sustaining first impact
Hung on to rein(s): jockey maintained contact with reins during landing/upon sustaining first impact and was dragged by horse
Not visible
Jockey contact with stirrups (during inciting event)Feet out before landing: jockey’s feet were released from the stirrup irons prior to landing/sustaining first impact
One/both feet in irons upon landing: one/both feet remained in the stirrup irons throughout fall and during landing/sustaining first impact
One/both feet in irons upon landing: one/both feet remained in the stirrup irons throughout fall and during landing/sustaining first impact and was dragged by horse
Not visible
Gross outline body position (pre-impact): jockey’s body position prior to sustaining first impactExtended: trunk and extremities extended
Semitucked: partial flexion at trunk and/or extremities
Tucked: both trunk and extremities flexed
Gross outline body position (during impact): jockey’s body position upon sustaining first impactExtended: trunk and extremities extended
Semitucked: partial flexion at trunk and/or extremities
Tucked: both trunk and extremities flexed
Landing deceleration: did the jockey come to an immediate stop upon impact?Yes: jockey came to immediate stop upon impact
No: jockey did not come to an immediate stop upon impact
Not visible/inconclusive: unable to definitively identify if jockey came to an immediate stop upon impact