Table 4

Impact occurrence descriptors

DescriptorDefinition
Fall impact sequence: this descriptor will identify the order in which the body parts sustain impact upon 'landing'. Code in order of occurrence and record impact intensity for each body part involvedHead/neck
Upper extremity (shoulder and arms)
Torso—back
Torso—side
Torso—front
Lower extremity
Site of impact: body part sustaining impactHead/neck: above shoulder
Shoulder: armpit to apex of shoulder level
Arm: below armpit level
Upper extremity: shoulder and arm
Torso: above hip level to the level of the armpit
Lower extremity: below hip
Impact intensity: subjective assessment of the impact sustained by the jockeyLow
Medium
High
Impact surfaceGround
Obstacle—fence/railing
Stalls
Horse/rider
Impact surface: subjective assessment of impact surface qualitySoft: turf/sand/synthetic track/fleshy regions of the human or horse’s body
Rigid: horse’s hoof/leg/bony prominence of horse or human/railing or equipment/concrete/obstacle (lower aspect, for example, toe board)
Movement speed of impact surface: the speed at which the impact surface was travelling during the point of contactStationary
Slow
Moderate
Fast
Movement direction of contact surface: the direction the impact surface was travelling at the point of contact with the jockeyTowards jockey
Away from jockey
Not applicable (stationary)
Not visible