Table 1

Survey design

	Human right	Knowledge statement	Attitudes and beliefs statement(s)
1	Equal Opportunity without Discrimination or Violence	K1: Every athlete is entitled to equality of opportunity in the pursuit of sport without distinction of any kind and free of discrimination, harassment, and violence	AB3: It is sometimes ok for coaches to use any kind of violence toward me (eg, intimidation, assault or coercion)
			AB4: It is sometimes ok for teammates and others to use any kind of violence toward me (eg, intimidation, assault or coercion)
			AB5: It is sometimes ok for coaches to pressure me in any way
			AB6: It is sometimes ok for teammates and others to pressure me in any way
2	Freedom of Expression	K2: Every athlete has the right to freedom of opinion and expression	AB1: It is always ok for me to freely express my opinion
3	Personal Identity Protection	K3: Every athlete is entitled to have their name, image and performance protected. An athlete’s name, image and performance may only be commercially used with their consent, voluntarily given	AB8: If someone wants to use my personal information, they must always obtain my consent
4	Privacy	K4: Every athlete has the right to a private life, privacy and protection in relation to the collection, storage and transfer of personal data	AB2: If someone has access to my personal information, I should know how it is being used
5	Access to Appropriate Remedy	K5: Every athlete must be able to access an effective remedy when their rights are not respected and upheld. This is particularly crucial given the highly skilled yet short term and precarious nature of the athletic career	AB7: If I experience behaviour that I deem inappropriate, I can seek assistance without fear of consequences or retaliation

The basic human rights principle expressed in each knowledge statement is listed in column one. The five knowledge statements included in the survey were drawn directly from the World Players Association/International Olympic Committee declarations, and the associated eight attitudes/beliefs statements were developed to test how athletes express and/or experience each right in sports settings.