Criteria for the risk of bias assessment and the percentage of studies meeting these criteria
| Criteria items | Studies meeting criterion (N) | |||
| Total (N=76) | Biological state (n=12) | Posture/activity type (n=12) | Intensity (n=52) | |
| Domain 1: patient selection/study design | ||||
| 1. Was the study conducted in different free-living settings (eg, school or home)?* | 43 (67.2%) | NA | 7 (58.3%) | 36 (69.2%) |
| 2. Did the study take place for at least 2 days? | 42 (55.3%) | 5 (41.6%) | 5 (41.6%) | 32 (61.5%) |
| 3. Did the study provide any information about the inclusion/exclusion of the recruiting process? | 45 (59.2%) | 5 (41.6%) | 3 (25%) | 37 (71.2%) |
| 4. Did the study include at least a sample of 20 participants? | 62 (81.6%) | 10 (83.3%) | 9 (75%) | 43 (82.7%) |
| Domain 2: index measure | ||||
| 5. Was the algorithm of the validated outcome reported (ie, formula) or at least further information cited? | 34 (44.7%) | 9 (75%) | 7 (58.3%) | 18 (34.6%) |
| 6. Did the participants wear the wearable for at least 8 hours per day?* | 46 (60.5%) | NA | 4 (33.3%) | 32 (61.5%) |
| Domain 3: criterion measure | ||||
| 7. Is the selected reference the gold standard? | 35 (46.1%) | 8 (66.6%) | 8 (66.6%) | 19 (36.5%) |
| Domain 4: flow and timing | ||||
| 8. Did they provide any information about data synchronisation?† | 39 (51.3%) | 8 (80%) | 9 (75%) | 20 (54.1%) |
| 9. Were all participants included in the analyses or any exclusion reasons provided? | 70 (92.1%) | 10 (83.3%) | 11 (91.7%) | 49 (94.2%) |
*Only relevant for n=64 studies.
†Only relevant for n=59 studies.
NA, not applicable.