Table 1

Consensus from the interdisciplinary workshop with experts in sports medicine and sport psychology including four physical perspectives and psychological aspects to integrate

What	Why			How		When
Main focus	Goal/Purpose	Rationale	Principles(s)	Type of exercises	Psychological aspects to integrate	Warm-up/drill training/strength
Movement technique LE	Improve landing technique during jumping, landing, and cutting	Acute injuries to LE are common during cutting and landing with hip-knee-foot not aligned, landing on one leg, and/or with wide cutting technique Specific exercises reduce LE injuries by approx. 40%.38 39	Hip-knee-foot alignment Landing on both legs not one leg (back and line players) Soft and controlled landings Narrow cutting technique	Jumping, cutting, landing	Decrease stress and increase task focus Be present and mindful when performing exercises Check-in (self-regulation by acknowledging perceived task focus) Eg, focus on breathing during each exercise, focus on the working muscles, relax other muscles, such as face muscles External focus instructions Mastery oriented motivational climate Coaches create an open and non-judgmental environment, for example, by providing positive and constructive feedback Apply SDT, that is, create perceived autonomy, competence, and relatedness	Warm-up and/or skills training
Movement technique UE	Increase posterior shoulder strength to unload front muscles	Overuse shoulder problems are common, and risk factors include reduced internal rotation motion and external rotation weakness Specific exercises reduce shoulder problems by approx. 30%.40–42	Train posterior part of shoulder, especially external rotators No “vacation” for shoulder No shooting if shoulder is not ready Weight training 15–17 years 1 Front 2 Back exercises (strength)	Throwing exercises for posterior part of shoulder. Weight training for posterior part of shoulder (older players 15 to 17 years)		Before warm-up, during warm-up, skills training, strength
Muscle strength	Strengthen muscles of the core, legs, and shoulder and emphasise correct movement performance	Muscle strength enhances efficiency of movement and athletic performance, and reduces injury risk.43 44	Promote and improve fine motor ball skills and muscle strength, mass, coordination, and control Emphasise correct movement performance	Functional exercises during handball practice. Strength exercises for older players (15 to 17 years)		Functional tasks integrated in warm-up, and/or in strength training
All-round training for physical fitness	Enhance/improve balance, coordination, functional movement, flexibility, and aerobic capacity	Multifaceted training programmes focused on, for example, strength, endurance, balance and agility reduce injury incidence in youth.39 43 45	Use of ball, perceived fun, and high activity (ie, guidelines included in the coach education in Sweden)	Obstacle course Warm-up dance		Warm-up

LE, lower extremity; SDT, self-determination theory; UE, upper extremity.