Study | N | T1, no. increased (%) | T2, no. increased (%) | PE, no. (%) | LGE present, no. (%) | LGE pattern, no. (%) | Criteria myocarditis | Confirmed myocarditis, no. (%) | |||
Myocardial | Non-ischaemic | Pericardial | Other | ||||||||
Hendrickson et al31 | 5 SARS-CoV-2 recovered college athletes | NR | 0 (0) | 2 (40) | 0 (0) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 0 (0) |
Vago et al32 | 10 elite female athletes | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | NR | 0 (0) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 0 (0) |
15 age-matched and sex-matched healthy elite athletes | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | NR | 0 (0) | NR | NR | NR | NR | |||
15 healthy controls | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | NR | 0 (0) | NR | NR | NR | NR | |||
Rajpal et al26 | 26 post-COVID-19 college athletes | 9 (45) | 13 (50) | 2 (8) | 12 (46) | NR | NR | NR | 1 (4) epicardial 4 (15) linear 5 (19) patchy 2 (8) RV insertion | Lake Louise Criteria | 4 (15) |
Malek et al33 | 26 post-COVID-19 elite volleyball and soccer athletes | 0 (0) | 1 (4) | 2 (8) | 1 (4) | NR | NR | NR | 1 (4) midwall | Lake Louise Criteria | 0 (0) |
Brito et al27 | 37 symptomatic athletes | 8 (22) | 0 (0) | 20* (54) | 1 (3) | 1 (3) | 0 (0) | 10 (27) | 0 (0) | Lake Louise Criteria | NR |
11 asymptomatic athletes | 1 (9) | 0 (0) | 8* (73) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 9 (82) | 0 (0) | |||
Clark et al34 | 59 post-COVID-19 athletes | NR | NR | NR | 16 (27) | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | 13 (22) mid-inferior RV septal insertion | Lake Louise Criteria (modified) | 2 (3) |
27 healthy controls | NR | NR | NR | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |||
60 athletic controls | NR | NR | NR | 10 (24) | 10 (24) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 10 (24) | |||
Starekova et al28 | 145 post-COVID-19 student athletes | NR | NR | NR | 42 (29) | NR | NR | NR | 38 (26) RV insertion | Lake Louise Criteria | 2 (1) |
Moulson et al24 | 312 SARS-CoV-2 recovered athletes | 7 (2) | 7 (2) | 13 (4) | 12 (4) | NR | NR | NR | 11 (4) inferior segments 1 (0.3) anterolateral segments | Lake Louise Criteria (modified) | 5 (1.6) |
Daniels et al25 | 1597 SARS-CoV-2 recovered college athletes | 5 (0.3) | 31 (1.9) | NR | 37 (2.3) | NR | NR | NR | NR | Lake Louise Criteria (modified) | 31 (1.9) |
*≥5 mm PE.
CMR, cardiovascular magnetic resonance; LGE, late gadolinium enhancement; PE, pericardial effusion.