Table 3

Effect of intervention (MICT vs HIIT) and group effect on lipid profile, glucose metabolism and blood pressure

Outcome measures	BDC	PTDC	Intervention effect MD (95% CI)	P value GLM change within-subjects	Intervention type	BDC	PTDC	P value Paired-samples t-test	Intervention× intervention type effects MD (95% CI)	P value GLM change between-subjects
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	220.0±37.2	202.0±37.0	−17.8 (−27.9 to 7.79)	0.001	MICT	220.9±40.5	198.2±35.9	0.012	−22.7 (−39.6 to −5.9)	0.332
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	220.0±37.2	202.0±37.0	−17.8 (−27.9 to 7.79)	0.001	HIIT	219.1±34.8	206.1±38.9	0.038	−13.0 (−25.2 to −0.9)	0.332
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	145.3±30.1	129.7±33.7	−15.6 (−24.3 to −6.8)	0.001	MICT	143.0±28.0	126.6±31.4	0.028	−16.4 (−30.8 to −2.0)	0.839
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	145.3±30.1	129.7±33.7	−15.6 (−24.3 to −6.8)	0.001	HIIT	147.7±33.0	133.0±36.9	0.012	−14.7 (−25.6 to −3.8)	0.839
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)
Males	46.7±9.2	45.8±10.6	−0.6 (−4.9 to 3.6)	0.757	MICT	46.0±10.2	43.1±9.2	0.116	−2.9 (−6.7 to 0.9)	0.271
Males	46.7±9.2	45.8±10.6	−0.6 (−4.9 to 3.6)	0.757	HIIT	47.6±8.4	49.3±12.0	0.695	1.7 (−8.1 to 11.4)	0.271
Females	53.6±15.6	50.7±10.9	−3.0 (−6.9 to 0.9)	0.117	MICT	58.2±19.7	54.0±13.5	0.228	−4.2 (−11.9 to 3.5)	0.514
Females	53.6±15.6	50.7±10.9	−3.0 (−6.9 to 0.9)	0.117	HIIT	49.6±10.7	47.8±7.9	0.382	−1.8 (−6.4 to 28)	0.514
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	123.6±71.4	120.9±72.6	−7.5 (−56.1 to41.1)	0.837	MICT	132.8±88.3	118.9±66.3	0.470	−14.0 (−54.2 to 26.2)	0.297
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	123.6±71.4	120.9±72.6	−7.5 (−56.1 to41.1)	0.837	HIIT	113.6±48.7	123.0±81.0	0.388	9.4 (−13.2 to 32.0)	0.297
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)	98.7±9.3	96.9±8.8	−1.8 (−4.2 to 0.7)	0.154	MICT	99.0±9.7	97.0±9.2	0.084	−2.0 (−4.3 to 0.3)	0.838
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)	98.7±9.3	96.9±8.8	−1.8 (−4.2 to 0.7)	0.154	HIIT	98.3±9.2	96.7±8.7	0.502	−1.5 (−6.3 to 3.2)	0.838
Fasting insulin (µU/mL)	10.2±5.2	9.6±10.0	−0.6 (−3.3 to 2.0)	0.645	MICT	10.05±5.92	10.07±13.12	0.992	0.0 (−4.5 to 4.6)	0.633
Fasting insulin (µU/mL)	10.2±5.2	9.6±10.0	−0.6 (−3.3 to 2.0)	0.645	HIIT	10.27±4.40	9.05±5.35	0.393	−1.2 (−4.2 to 1.8)	0.633
HOMA-IR index	2.5±1.4	2.4±2.8	−0.1 (−0.9 to 0.6)	0.706	MICT	2.48±1.59	2.53±3.70	0.935	0.1 (−1.2 to 1.3)	0.608
HOMA-IR index	2.5±1.4	2.4±2.8	−0.1 (−0.9 to 0.6)	0.706	HIIT	2.54±1.23	2.22±1.51	0.420	−0.3 (−1.2 to 0.5)	0.608
SBP (mm Hg)	127±14	126±12	−0 (−4 to 4)	0.824	MICT	125±16	124±13	0.823	−1 (−7 to 6)	0.892
SBP (mm Hg)	127±14	126±12	−0 (−4 to 4)	0.824	HIIT	129±12	129±12	0.942	- (−5 ‒ 5)	0.892
DBP (mm Hg)	74±10	69±10	−6 (−9 to −2)	0.003	MICT	73±10	67±10	0.039	−6 (−11 to 0)	0.926
DBP (mm Hg)	74±10	69±10	−6 (−9 to −2)	0.003	HIIT	76±11	70±11	0.039	−6 (−11 to 0)	0.926
HR (bpm)	73±11	62±10	−11 (−14 to −8)	<0.001	MICT	73±12	61±11	0.001	−12 (−17 to −8)	0.384
HR (bpm)	73±11	62±10	−11 (−14 to −8)	<0.001	HIIT	73±9	63±9	0.001	−9 (−14 to −4)	0.384

General linear model for repeated measures.
Statistically significant values are in bold.
BDC, baseline data collection; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; GLM, general linear model; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HIIT, high-intensity interval training; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance; HR, heart rate; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; MD, median; MICT, moderate-intensity continuous training; PTDC, post-training data collection; SBP, systolic blood pressure.