POE scores | Men (n=29) | Women (n=24) | Mean difference (95% CI) | p-value |
Total POE score* | 20.5 (14–29)† | 26 (21–33)† | NA | 0.012 |
POE subscale ADL* | 15.5 (11–24.25)† | 25 (14.75–32.5) | NA | 0.012 |
POE subscale sport* | 25 (12.5–34.5) | 31 (28–36)† | NA | 0.028 |
KMFP across tasks* | 10 (0–20) | 20 (10–20)‡ | NA | 0.106 |
Femur medial to shank across tasks* | 42 (25–65)† | 50 (42–69)‡ | NA | 0.053 |
Femoral valgus* | 29 (17–48)† | 54 (33–58)‡ | NA | 0.001 |
Deviation of pelvis in any plane* | 37.5 (25–50) | 50 (37.5–50)‡ | NA | 0.294 |
Hop performance | ||||
SLHD§ longest jump (cm) | 121 (36) | 91 (29) | −29.8 (-48.0 to -11.7) | 0.002 |
SH§ no of hops (n) | 45 (16) | 31 (18) | −14.8 (-24.4 to -5.2) | 0.003 |
Patient-reported outcome measures | ||||
KOOS sport/rec§ | 58 (21.9) | 59 (24.8)† | 0.9 (-12.1 to 13.9) | 0.890 |
KOOS QoL§ | 48 (19.8) | 50 (14.7)† | 1.8 (-8.2 to 11.7) | 0.723 |
ACL-QoL subscale Recreational activities and sport participation§ | 38 (16.1) | 38 (20.3)† | 0.4 (-9.8 to 13.5) | 0.944 |
ACL-QoL subscale life style§ | 48 (18.7) | 53 (17.5)† | 4.1 (-6.1 to 14.3) | 0.426 |
K-SES subscale present§ | 6.7 (1.5) | 7.1 (1.9)† | 0.5 (-0.5 to 1.4) | 0.345 |
Global knee function§ | 44 (21.8) | 35 (18.8)† | −9.2 (-20.5 to 2.1) | 0.115 |
*Median (quartiles) and Mann-Whitney U-test,.
†One subject did not complete all tasks/PROMs.
‡Two subjects did not complete all tasks.
§Mean (SD) and independent sample t-test.
ACL, anterior cruciate ligament; ADL, activities of daily living; KMFP, Knee Medial to Foot Position; KOOS, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score; K-SES, Knee Self-Efficacy Scale; NA, not applicable; POE, Postural Orientation Error; PROMs, patient-reported outcome measures; QoL, quality of life; SH, side hop; SLHD, single leg hop for distance.