Measures of mental health symptoms and well-being
| Men M (SD) | Women M (SD) | Test statistics | ||||
| tWelch | Df | P value | d | |||
| GHQ—Total | 16.89 (10.0) | 21.56 (11.6) | 4.96 | 518 | <0.001 | 0.43 |
| GHQ—Somatic complaints | 4.66 (3.4) | 6.12 (3.7) | 4.69 | 511 | <0.001 | 0.41 |
| GHQ—Anxiety and insomnia | 4.35 (4.3) | 6.26 (4.7) | 4.84 | 513 | <0.001 | 0.42 |
| GHQ—Social dysfunction | 6.73 (2.5) | 7.41 (2.8) | 2.93 | 517 | 0.00 | 0.25 |
| GHQ—Severe depression | 1.14 (2.6) | 1.76 (3.1) | 2.49 | 521 | 0.01 | 0.21 |
| Psychological distress | 16.08 (5.3) | 16.68 (6.1) | 1.19 | 516 | 0.23 | 0.10 |
| Body dissatisfaction | 1.39 (1.6) | 2.48 (2.0) | 6.94 | 521 | <0.001 | 0.60 |
| Alcohol use | 4.61 (4.1) | 3.30 (3.5) | 3.89 | 448 | <0.001 | 0.35 |
| Self-esteem | 22.59 (4.5) | 20.88 (5.0) | 4.13 | 516 | <0.001 | 0.36 |
| Mental well-being | 52.34 (8.2) | 48.90 (9.3) | 4.49 | 516 | <0.001 | 0.39 |
| Satisfaction with life | 27.14 (5.5) | 26.43 (5.8) | 1.44 | 508 | 0.15 | 0.13 |
GHQ, General Health Questionnaire.