Baseline characteristics of the CG and HIT-RT groups
| Variable | CG (n=22) | HIT-RT (n=21) | P value |
| Age (years) | 79.2±4.7 | 77.8±3.6 | 0.262 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2)* | 24.5±1.9 | 25.0±3.0 | 0.515 |
| Body fat rate (DXA) (%)† | 34.5±6.1 | 33.6±4.0 | 0.563 |
| LBM (kg/m2)† | 6.89±0.31 | 7.01±0.27 | 0.671 |
| MetS-prevalence (n) | 7 | 8 | 0.666 |
| Diabetes mellitus type II (n) | 1 | 1 | 0.960 |
| Hypertension (n)‡ | 7 | 11 | 0.172 |
| Physical activity (index)§ | 4.15±1.53 | 4.45±1.32 | 0.490 |
| Regular exercise ≥1×week (n) | 5 | 5 | 0.931 |
| ¶ALEF, LLFDI (index)¶ | 1.73±0.82 | 1.87±1.05 | 0.646 |
| 25(OH)D (nmol/L)** | 54.0±21.1 | 43.8±17.5 | 0.126 |
| Energy intake (MJ/day)†† | 9.39±2.42 | 8.84±1.71 | 0.407 |
| Smokers (n) | 4 | 3 | 0.959 |
*Via bio impedance analysis.
†Via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA, hological QDR 4500a, USA).
‡Mean arterial blood pressure>106.7 RR.
§Scale from (1) very low to (7) very high.51
¶‘Advanced lower extremity function’, late life function disability instrument52: (scale from (1) ‘no problem’ to (5) ‘impossible’).
**Serum concentrations of 25(OH)D were measured using a Roche Modular E170 Analyzer and an electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA; Roche Diagnostics, Penzberg, Germany).
††As determined by a 4-day dietary record.
CG, control group; DXA, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry; HIT-RT, high-intensity resistance exercise training; LBM, Lean Body Mass; MetS, metabolic syndrome.