Self-report scores and physical examination
| Patellofemoral OA | Controls | Paired difference | |d| | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reported crepitus n (%) | 9 (60%) | 0 (0%) | <0.01 | ||
| History of anterior knee pain n (%) | 15 (100%) | 4 (26.7%) | <0.01 | ||
| History of swelling n (%) | 11 (73%) | 0 (0%) | <0.01 | ||
| Swipe test positive n (%) | 8 (53%) | 3 (20%) | 0.06 | ||
| Beighton score/9 | 0 (1) | 1 (1) | −1 (1) | 0.5 | 0.06 |
| Tibiofemoral frontal plane alignment (°) | −1.0 (2.5)* | −0.5 (2)* | −1.5 (3.5) | 0.6 | 0.03 |
| Herrington test of mediolateral patellar positioning (M:L ratio) | 1.19 (0.26) | 1.07 (0.14) | 0.11 (0.15) | 0.9 | 0.01 |
| EQ-5D-5L | |||||
| Index score | 0.885 (0.044) | 0.949 (0.00) | −0.06 (0.04) | 1.0 | <0.01 |
| VAS | 85 (10) | 91 (10) | −8 (20) | 0.8 | 0.02 |
| KOOS | |||||
| Symptoms | 71.4 (28.6) | – | – | ||
| Pain | 75.0 (16.7) | – | – | ||
| Activities of Daily Living | 83.8 (20.6) | – | – | ||
| Sport and Recreation | 50.0 (45.0) | – | – | ||
| Quality of Life | 56.3 (31.3) | – | – | ||
| Patellofemoral | 56.8 (22.7) | – | – | ||
| AKPS | 74 (22) | – | – | ||
| Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia High (≥37) n (%) | 34 (13) 7 (46.7%) | – | – | ||
| Knee Self-Efficacy Scale | |||||
| Daily Activities | 84.3 (25.7) | – | – | ||
| Sport and Leisure | 72 (28) | – | – | ||
| Physical Activities | 51.7 (31.3) | – | – | ||
| Knee Function in the Future | 53.3 (33.3) | – | – |
*<0° is valgus alignment.
Bold indicates at least a moderate effect size between groups, or statistical significance.
All scores are median (IQR) unless otherwise stated.
AKPS, Anterior Knee Pain Scale (varies from zero, maximum problems, to 100, no problems); |d|, Standardised effect size; EQ-5D-5L, EuroQol Health Status Measure-5 dimension-5-likert: Index provides a Canadian-specific adjusted score combining all 5 dimensions (scores from zero [dead] to 1.000 [perfect health]), and VAS (visual analogue scale) is a single overall self-reported evaluation that varies from zero (dead) to 100 (perfect health); KOOS, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (varies from zero, maximum problems, to 100, no problems); IQR, Interquartile range; OA, Osteoarthritis; M:L, Medial to lateral.