Lead author (year of publ.) | Inclusion criteria | Participants | Study design | Objective | Target condition | Reference standard and description of technique | Index test and description of technique | Sen and Spe[95% CI] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kobayashi18
(2013) | LBP without neurological Sx Age <18 Active in sports | Period of study N/A n=200 Mean age 14.1 years Male/female 144/56 | Prospective, consecutive, cohort study | 1. Evaluate the usefulness of MRI 2. Evaluate specific clinical features of active spondylolysis | Early stage spondylolysis |
CT
— Reverse gantry angle in the plane parallel to the pars interarticularis only for the vertebral body corresponding to the area of the high intensity change seen on MRI |
MRI
— Sagittal T2W images — Sagittal STIR — Axial T1W images — Axial T2W images — Axial STIR images | Excluded from quantitative synthesis |
Masci19
(2006) | LBP Age10–30 years Engaging in regular activity | Period of study N/A n=71 Age <25 (of those found +ve to SPECT) Male/female 29/10 | Prospective, cohort study | 1. To evaluate the usefulness of the one-legged hyperextension test 2. To evaluate the effectiveness of MRI in detecting active spondylolysis | Active spondylolysis |
SPECT-CT
— SPECT—A standard dose of 99Tcm–MDP was injected. Planar and SPECT images were obtained about 3 hours after injection — CT—Images were acquired in the reversed gantry axial plane |
MRI
— Sagittal T1W images — Sagittal T2W pre-saturated images — Axial T2W fat pre-saturated images — Reverse-gantry oblique axial STIR images | Sen 0.80 [0.66, 0.90] Spe 1.00 [0.99, 1.00] |
Campbell20
(2005) | Extension LBP Adolescent and young adults | Period of study N/A n=72 Mean age 16 years Male/female 45/27 | Prospective, cohort study | 1. To determine the level of correlation of MRI with SPECT-CT 2. To determine if MRI can effectively replace SPECT-CT | Pars fracture |
SPECT-CT
— SPECT—Procedure was initiated approximately 3 hours after administration of an appropriate paediatric dose of 99Tcm–HDP — CT-Images were acquired in the reverse-angle axial plane |
MRI
— Sagittal T1W — Reverse-angle oblique axial T1W images — Sagittal 3D spoiled gradient echo sequence — Sagittal STIR images (at times these were replaced with T2W) — Reverse-angle oblique axial STIR images | Sen 0.89 [0.76, 0.96] Spe 0.97 [0.94, 0.99] |
Yamane21
(1993) | Extension LBP without neurological Sx Age <19 years All modalities performed within one month of initial consultation | Period of study June 1991 to May 1992 n=79 Mean age 14.6 years Male/female 59/20 | Prospective, consecutive, cohort study | Report the significance of a hypo-intense signal in the pars-interarticularis in the early diagnosis of spondylolysis | Early stage spondylolysis |
CT
—Transverse views were obtained. Slices were made parallel to the vertebral arch —Results were compared with MRI based on initial and follow-up CT scan |
MRI
Imaging was performed in the coronal and sagittal planes using: —T1W images —T2W images | Sen 0.97 [0.87, 1.00] Spe 0.92 [0.85, 0.96] |
LBP, low back pain; N/A, not available; publ., publication; Sx, symptoms; STIR, short tau inversion recovery, SEN, sensitivity; SPE, specificity; <, below; +ve, Positive; 99Tcm-MDP, Technetium 99 methylene diphosphonate; 99Tcm-HDP, Technetium 99 hydroxymethyl diphosphonate; T1W, T1 weighted; T2W, T2 weighted.