Mean (SD) spinal kinematics of junior fast bowlers with (n=8) and without (n=13) a history of low back pain (junior retrospective)
| Spinal Ori or ROM (o) | BFI | FFI | Range | |||||||||
| LBP | No LBP | P value | Effect size | LBP | No LBP | P value | Effect size | LBP | No LBP | P value | Effect size | |
| SCR | 39.7 (8.9) | 36.6 (11.3) | 0.498 | 0.29 | ||||||||
| HSS | 27.0 (7.6) | 32.6 (18.0) | 0.340 | −0.37 | ||||||||
| T1 Ori | 271.2 (42.8) | 270.8 (35.1) | 0.979 | 0.01 | ||||||||
| S1 Ori | 257.1 (35.9) | 277.6 (40.0) | 0.140 | −0.53 | ||||||||
| Lx Flex | −13.1 (21.9) | −14.1 (15.2) | 0.919 | 0.05 | 19.8 (12.7) | 20.9 (7.3) | 0.832 | −0.11 | 32.9 (33.3) | 34.9 (21.4) | 0.883 | −0.08 |
| Lx LB | −8.6 (6.4) | −12.5 (12.5) | 0.358 | 0.37 | 17.1 (7.9) | 21.7 (10.2) | 0.253 | −0.50 | 25.7 (9.1) | 34.2 (18.7) | 0.177 | −0.54 |
| Lx Rot | −2.9 (3.6) | −5.0 (9.3) | 0.804 | 0.28 | 11.4 (5.1) | 15.7 (9.4) | 0.193 | −0.53 | 14.3 (6.3) | 20.8 (15.2) | 0.195 | −0.51 |
| Th Flex | −33.4 (12.1) | −28.6 (17.3) | 0.468 | −0.30 | 27.3 (12.4) | 29.1 (18.4) | 0.800 | −0.11 | 60.7 (20.9) | 57.7 (32.4) | 0.797 | 0.11 |
| Th LB | −13.1 (19.6) | −21.2 (15.0) | 0.537 | 0.48 | 26.2 (9.7) | 24.1 (11.3) | 0.659 | 0.19 | 39.2 (24.1) | 45.2 (18.2) | 0.554 | −0.29 |
| Th Rot | −3.9 (9.8) | −15.5 (8.8) | 0.16 | 1.27 | 16.6 (7.6) | 20.5 (17.6) | 0.801 | −0.27 | 20.5 (13.3) | 36.0 (19.1) | 0.041 | −0.90 |
| TL Flex | −43.0 (26.2) | −37.3 (19.3) | 0.606 | −0.26 | 43.3 (17.6) | 38.2 (20.1) | 0.553 | 0.26 | 86.2 (41.3) | 75.5 (37.9) | 0.429 | 0.27 |
| TL LB | −21.9 (8.7) | −25.4 (11.7) | 0.443 | 0.33 | 29.0 (10.2) | 29.1 (15.6) | 0.988 | −0.01 | 51.0 (17.2) | 54.5 (22.6) | 0.686 | −0.17 |
| TL Rot | −17.6 (7.2) | −14.0 (12.4) | 0.413 | −0.33 | 23.4 (10.1) | 27.1 (15.5) | 0.519 | −0.27 | 41.0 (16.6) | 41.1 (22.0) | 0.992 | 0.00 |
Bold text denotes large effect size (d ≥0.9).
BFI, back foot impact; FFI, front foot impact; Flex, flexion; HSS, hip separation angle; LB, lateral bending; LBP, low back pain; Lx, lumbar spine; Ori, orientation; ROM, range of motion; Rot, rotation; S1, first sacral vertebrae; SCR, shoulder counter rotation; T1, first thoracic vertebrae; Th, thoracic; TL, thoracolumbar.