Table 4

Mean (SD) spinal kinematics of senior fast bowlers with (n=8) and without (n=6) a history of low back pain (senior retrospective)

Spinal ori or ROM (^O)	BFI				FFI				Range
Spinal ori or ROM (^O)	LBP	No LBP	P value	Effect size	LBP	No LBP	P value	Effect size	LBP	No LBP	P value	Effect size
SCR	35.7 (11.7)	35.6 (6.5)	1.00	0.01
HSS	41.2 (30.8)	41.8 (10.7)	0.963	−0.03
T1 ori	274.6 (34.6)	264.1 (37.9)	0.600	0.29
S1 Ori	292.3 (10.8)	281.7 (32.6)	0.412	0.41
Lx Flex	−15.3 (11.0)	−14.7 (8.0)	0.908	−0.07	24.2 (6.7)	21.1 (5.7)	0.345	0.50	39.5 (15.2)	34.3 (11.1)	0.492	0.41
Lx LB	−8.6 (12.2)	−15.8 (5.9)	0.228	0.79	19.6 (5.5)	20.0 (7.1)	0.910	−0.06	28.3 (14.8)	33.0 (7.6)	0.501	−0.42
Lx Rot	−1.5 (11.3)	0.8 (8.2)	0.950	−0.24	14.7 (6.5)	14.4 (6.0)	0.932	0.05	16.2 (14.8)	13.6 (7.2)	0.703	0.24
Th Flex	−26.9 (15.2)	−22.8 (27.3)	0.731	−0.18	40.0 (14.7)	31.7 (11.5)	0.281	0.64	66.8 (27.9)	48.9 (32.3)	0.288	0.59
Th LB	−11.9 (17.6)	−10.5 (11.9)	0.871	−0.10	33.9 (17.5)	26.1 (9.4)	0.356	0.58	45.8 (33.4)	34.0 (16.4)	0.455	0.47
Th Rot	−7.1 (9.8)	−8.9 (13.8)	0.778	0.15	19.7 (11.5)	19.9 (5.9)	0.963	−0.03	26.7 (11.7)	28.8 (17.5)	0.797	−0.13
TL Flex	−40.5 (10.2)	−29.4 (11.3)	0.079	−1.02	48.4 (13.0)	45.0 (11.3)	0.625	0.28	88.9 (22.2)	70.8 (19.3)	0.143	0.88
TL LB	−19.2 (23.5)	−20.3 (17.1)	0.923	0.06	36.1 (9.7)	31.1 (9.2)	0.347	0.54	55.3 (24.6)	51.4 (19.0)	0.755	0.18
TL Rot	0.3 (14.7)	−0.3 (24.2)	0.949	0.03	27.1 (7.3)	29.5 (12.6)	0.652	−0.23	26.7 (15.3)	29.9 (20.6)	0.748	−0.17

Bold text denotes large effect size (d ≥0.9).
BFI, back foot impact; FFI, front foot impact; Flex, flexion; HSS, hip separation angle; LB, lateral bending; LBP, low back pain; Lx, lumbar spine; Ori, orientation; ROM, range of motion; Rot, rotation; S1, first sacral vertebrae; SCR, shoulder counter rotation; T1, first thoracic vertebrae; Th, thoracic; TL, thoracolumbar.