Mean (SD) tibial and sacral impact characteristics of senior fast bowlers with (n=8) and without (n=6) a history of low back pain (senior retrospective)
| Tibial acceleration | LBP | No-LBP | P value | Effect size (d) | ||||
| BFI | FFI | BFI | FFI | BFI | FFI | BFI | FFI | |
| Peak Acc x (g) | 13.7 (7.4) | 21.8 (10.0) | 14.4 (6.5) | 28.3 (17.3) | 0.843 | 0.392 | −0.11 | −0.44 |
| Peak Acc y (g) | 6.8 (5.7) | 10.1 (8.2) | 6.7 (3.8) | 11.8 (10.0) | 0.982 | 0.725 | 0.01 | −0.19 |
| Peak Acc z (g) | 10.0 (5.2) | 29.4 (20.7) | 20.3 (7.9) | 21.3 (11.5) | 0.016 | 0.402 | −1.49 | 0.51 |
| Peak resultant Acc (g) | 20.7 (5.4) | 37.5 (19.0) | 24.9 (8.1) | 38.8 (20.7) | 0.342 | 0.911 | −0.53 | −0.60 |
| Time-to-peak Acc x (ms) | 31.6 (2.4) | 28.3 (12.0) | 27.9 (8.6) | 26.9 (15.7) | 0.274 | 0.345 | 0.55 | 0.10 |
| Time-to-peak resultant (ms) | 65.9 (5.4) | 49.6 (10.7) | 67.3 (12.7) | 67.0 (12.8) | 0.796 | 0.017 | −0.13 | −1.45 |
| Mean loading rate x (g.s-1) | 486.8 (229.6) | 1112.0 (665.9) | 600.5 (306.3) | 1673.0 (1328.0) | 0.443 | 0.324 | −0.41 | −0.51 |
| Mean resultant loading rate (g.s-1) | 347.5 (133.8) | 825.9 (453.7) | 411.3 (145.8) | 736.8 (459.0) | 0.413 | 0.724 | −0.45 | 0.20 |
| Normalised peak Acc x (g.kg-1) | 0.2 (0.1) | 0.2 (0.1) | 0.2 (0.1) | 0.3 (0.2) | 0.722 | 0.384 | −0.20 | −0.46 |
| Normalised resultant Acc (g.kg-1) | 0.2 (0.1) | 0.4 (0.2) | 0.3 (0.1) | 0.4 (0.2) | 0.214 | 0.707 | −0.71 | −0.20 |
| Sacral acceleration | ||||||||
| Peak vertical Acc (g) | 3.1 (0.8) | 3.2 (0.4) | 2.7 (0.7) | 3.3 (0.3) | 0.389 | 0.609 | 0.49 | −0.28 |
| Peak mediolateral Acc (g) | 1.5 (1.1) | 0.9 (0.4) | 1.2 (0.7) | 1.2 (0.7) | 0.568 | 0.372 | 0.35 | −0.46 |
| Peak anterioposterior Acc (g) | 1.4 (0.9) | 1.5 (0.7) | 1.7 (0.9) | 1.4 (0.6) | 0.538 | 0.902 | −0.34 | 0.07 |
| Resultant Acc (g) | 3.5 (1.1) | 3.8 (0.6) | 3.4 (0.8) | 4.0 (0.7) | 0.832 | 0.677 | 0.12 | −0.22 |
| Time-to-peak vertical Acc (ms) | 71.7 (26.1) | 66.7 (14.4) | 67.1 (14.8) | 69.0 (14.1) | 0.710 | 0.772 | 0.23 | −0.16 |
| Time-to-peak resultant Acc (ms) | 75.2 (25.4) | 67.1 (17.6) | 70.0 (15.2) | 69.8 (17.2) | 0.643 | 0.804 | 0.25 | −0.16 |
| Mean vertical loading rate (g.s-1) | 50.9 (24.6) | 60.1 (16.8) | 46.3 (21.4) | 54.3 (14.2) | 0.718 | 0.510 | 0.20 | 0.38 |
| Normalised peak vertical Acc (g.kg-1) | 0.03 (0.01) | 0.04 (0.01) | 0.03 (0.01) | 0.04 (0.01) | 0.674 | 0.852 | 0.23 | −0.17 |
Bold text denotes large effect size (d ≥0.9).
Acc, acceleration; BFI, back foot impact; FFI, front foot impact; g, units of gravity; kg, kilogram; LBP, low back pain; s, second.