Table 6

Mean (SD) spinal kinematics characteristics of senior fast bowlers that developed LBP (n=4) and those who didn’t develop LBP (n=10) (senior prospective)

Spinal Ori or ROM (^O)	BFI				FFI				Range
Spinal Ori or ROM (^O)	LBP	No LBP	P value	Effect size	LBP	No LBP	P value	Effect size	LBP	No LBP	P value	Effect size
SCR	39.3 (11.2)	34.1 (7.6)	0.443	0.60
HSS	53.2 (29.5)	36.9 (15.5)	0.356	0.82
T1 Ori	268.8 (32.8)	268.5 (38.3)	0.987	0.01
S1 Ori	284.7 (19.7)	286.9 (28.3)	0.870	−0.08
Lx Flex	−24.3 (7.7)	−11.2 (6.5)	0.031	−1.92	26.3 (2.6)	20.9 (6.5)	0.047	0.93	50.6 (8.5)	30.9 (9.3)	0.008	2.16
Lx LB	−6.3 (13.9)	−15.3 (6.3)	0.287	1.03	19.3 (5.1)	20.1 (6.8)	0.833	−0.11	25.6 (14.4)	33.1 (9.4)	0.539	−0.69
Lx Rot	−0.3 (11.6)	−0.1 (9.0)	0.830	−0.02	19.3 (7.9)	12.6 (4.1)	0.188	1.26	19.6 (13.3)	12.8 (9.5)	0.396	0.65
Th Flex	−16.5 (8.3)	−27.8 (25.5)	0.236	0.50	30.8 (15.3)	37.0 (12.6)	0.509	−0.46	47.3 (20.4)	60.3 (34.3)	0.404	−0.41
Th LB	−7.4 (24.7)	−12.5 (8.4)	0.708	0.36	35.0 (21.6)	27.2 (9.3)	0.534	0.57	42.4 (45.0)	37.7 (14.2)	0.852	0.18
Th Rot	−2.8 (16.1)	−10.2 (9.9)	0.441	0.63	22.0 (13.3)	18.9 (6.2)	0.685	0.36	24.8 (16.6)	29.1 (14.7)	0.667	−0.29
TL Flex	−33.6 (14.8)	−34.4 (11.5)	0.930	0.06	47.3 (17.1)	46.1 (9.9)	0.905	0.10	80.9 (31.0)	77.6 (19.1)	0.854	0.14
TL LB	−20.9 (24.5)	−19.4 (18.2)	0.918	−0.07	33.3 (14.1)	33.2 (7.9)	0.987	0.01	54.2 (23.7)	52.6 (21.4)	0.911	0.07
TL Rot	4.6 (7.0)	−1.9 (23.4)	0.446	0.31	29.9 (4.2)	27.9 (12.2)	0.661	0.18	25.3 (29.8)	29.8 (20.8)	0.582	−0.24

Bold text denotes large effect size (d ≥0.9).
BFI, back foot impact; FFI, front foot impact; Flex, flexion; HSS, hip separation angle; LB, lateral bending; LBP, low back pain; Lx, lumbar spine; Ori, orientation; ROM, range of motion; Rot, rotation; S1, first sacral vertebrae; SCR, shoulder counter rotation; T1, first thoracic vertebrae; Th, thoracic; TL, thoracolumbar.