Mean values of pain scales and treatment effect for pain of isometric exercise versus control (isotonic exercise): studies assessing outcomes immediately after exercise (45 min postintervention)
| Acute/chronic | Treatment modes | Tendon affected | First author (year) | Pain scale | Scale range | Isometric group pain score | Control group pain score | Mean treatment effect for pain (95% CI) | P value <0.05 | ||
| Baseline (1) | Postintervention (2) | Baseline (3) | Postintervention (4) | ||||||||
| Chronic | Isometric versus isotonic exercise | Patellar | Rio (2015)20 | NRS (during SLDS) | 0–10 | 7 | 0.2 | 6.3 | 3.8 | −4.3 (−1.2 to −7.4) | Yes |
| Rio (2017)35 | NRS (during SLDS) | 0–10 | 5 | 3.2 | 5 | 4.1 | −0.9 (−1.1 to −0.7) | Yes | |||
| Holden (2020)22 | NRS (during SLDS) | 0–10 | 5 | 4.2 | 4.3 | 3.2 | +0.3 (1.3 to −0.7) | No | |||
NRS, Numeric Rating Scale; SLDS, single leg decline squat.