Characteristics | Category | Sufficient physical activity per day (dichotomous variable; logistic regression) | Level of physical activity per day (continuous variable; linear regression) | ||||
OR | 95% CI | P value | β | 95% CI | P value | ||
Sex | Male | Reference | |||||
Female | 1.60 | 1.10 to 2.33 | 0.015 | 16.45 | 0.50 to 32.00 | 0.041 | |
Age (years) | 18–34 | Reference | |||||
35–64 | 1.44 | 0.94 to 2.20 | 0.091 | 28.09 | 9.54 to 47.03 | 0.003 | |
≥65 | 4.11 | 2.01 to 8.92 | <0.001 | 71.70 | 46.23 to 98.13 | <0.001 | |
Marital status | Single/separated /divorced /widowed | Reference | |||||
Married/ in a domestic partnership | 1.38 | 0.92 to 2.06 | 0.119 | 4.48 | −12.28 to 21.37 | 0.601 | |
Employment | No | Reference | |||||
Yes | 0.85 | 0.55 to 1.33 | 0.485 | −21.67 | −40.27 to 3.37 | 0.021 | |
Annual household income | <£15 000 | Reference | |||||
£15 000–<£25 000 | 2.03 | 1.11 to 3.76 | 0.023 | 35.88 | 9.04 to 62.66 | 0.009 | |
£25 000–<£40 000 | 3.16 | 1.68 to 6.04 | <0.001 | 23.26 | −3.20 to 50.01 | 0.087 | |
£40 000–<£60 000 | 2.27 | 1.19 to 4.34 | 0.013 | 27.40 | −0.74 to 55.29 | 0.055 | |
≥£60 000 | 2.11 | 1.09 to 4.09 | 0.026 | 31.24 | 2.71 to 59.59 | 0.031 | |
Region | England | Reference | |||||
Northern Ireland | 1.22 | 0.77 to 1.97 | 0.411 | 10.95 | −8.04 to 30.07 | 0.260 | |
Scotland | 3.42 | 0.84 to 23.35 | 0.128 | −1.37 | −52.46 to 50.02 | 0.958 | |
Wales | 1.64 | 0.33 to 12.32 | 0.576 | 35.10 | −31.49 to 102.06 | 0.302 | |
Current smoking | No | Reference | |||||
Yes | 1.16 | 0.68 to 2.02 | 0.599 | 7.92 | −15.29 to 31.47 | 0.506 | |
Current alcohol consumption | No | Reference | |||||
Yes | 1.23 | 0.85 to 1.79 | 0.273 | −11.99 | −28.22 to 4.12 | 0.146 | |
Level of physical activity per day when not social distancing | Per 1 min increase | 1.00 | 1.00 to 1.01 | <0.001 | 0.26 | 0.22 to 0.30 | <0.001 |
Number of chronic physical conditions | Per one-condition increase | 0.96 | 0.87 to 1.06 | 0.427 | −4.02 | −8.66 to 0.05 | 0.053 |
Number of chronic psychiatric conditions | Per one-condition increase | 0.82 | 0.67 to 1.00 | 0.052 | −3.70 | −12.69 to 5.03 | 0.414 |
Any physical symptom experienced during social distancing | No | Reference | |||||
Yes | 0.31 | 0.21 to 0.46 | <0.001 | −25.53 | −42.46 to −7.99 | 0.004 | |
Number of days of social distancing | Per 1-day increase | 1.03 | 0.99 to 1.07 | 0.162 | −0.18 | −1.28 to 0.93 | 0.756 |
Participants were asked how much time in minutes they spend on an average day in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity when self-isolating. The WHO recommendations on physical activity levels per week (ie, at least 150 min of moderate physical activity and/or 75 min of vigorous physical activity in adults aged ≥18 years) were further used to distinguish participants with and those without sufficient physical activity per day (ie, approximately 21 min of moderate physical activity and/or 11 min of vigorous physical activity). Physical activity was also included in the analyses as a continuous variable and corresponded to the number of minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per day.
The association between defined factors (ie, sex, age, marital status, employment, annual household income, region, current smoking, current alcohol consumption, level of physical activity per day when not self-isolating, number of chronic physical conditions, number of chronic psychiatric conditions, any physical symptom experienced during social distancing and number of days of social distancing) and physical activity was studied using logistic (dichotomous physical activity variable) and linear regression (continuous physical activity variable) models.
All significant associations are reported in bold text.
SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.