Table 1

Sample characteristics (overall and by physical activity status)

CharacteristicsCategoryOverall (n=911)Sufficient physical activity per dayEffect size*P value†
No (n=228)Yes (n=683)
SexMale36.037.335.60.020.688
Female64.062.764.4
Age (years)18–3431.340.828.10.19<0.001
35–6450.453.149.5
≥6518.36.122.4
Marital statusSingle/separated/divorced/widowed44.855.741.20.13<0.001
Married/in a domestic partnership55.244.358.8
EmploymentNo41.335.543.20.070.050
Yes58.764.556.8
Annual household income<£15 00014.822.712.10.140.002
£15 000–<£25 00018.416.918.9
£25 000–<£40 00022.817.324.6
£40 000–<£60 00020.921.820.6
≥£60 00023.221.323.8
RegionEngland77.381.176.10.070.259
Northern Ireland19.317.219.9
Scotland2.30.92.8
Wales1.10.91.2
Current smokingNo88.286.388.80.030.377
Yes11.813.711.2
Current alcohol consumptionNo32.737.231.20.060.114
Yes67.362.868.8
Level of physical activity per day when not social distancing (in minutes)Mean (SD)166.2 (167.7)107.8 (145.0)185.7 (170.3)0.47<0.001
Number of chronic physical conditionsMean (SD)1.8 (2.1)1.7 (2.1)1.8 (2.1)0.040.559
Number of chronic psychiatric conditionsMean (SD)0.6 (0.9)0.9 (1.0)0.6 (0.8)0.33<0.001
Any physical symptom experienced during social distancingNo73.957.479.50.22<0.001
Yes26.142.620.5
Number of days of social distancingMean (SD)9.1 (6.9)8.3 (4.2)9.4 (7.6)0.160.007
  • Participants were asked how much time in minutes they spend on an average day in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity when self-isolating. The WHO recommendations on physical activity levels per week (ie, at least 150 min of moderate physical activity and/or 75 min of vigorous physical activity in adults aged ≥18 years) were further used to distinguish participants with and those without sufficient physical activity per day (ie, approximately 21 min of moderate physical activity and/or 11 min of vigorous physical activity).

  • Values are percentages unless otherwise stated.

  • *Effect size was calculated using phi coefficient for categorical variables with two categories, Cramer’s V for categorical variables with more than two categories, and Cohen’s d for continuous variables.

  • †P values were based on χ2 tests for categorical variables and on t-tests for continuous variables.