Characteristics | Category | Overall (n=911) | Sufficient physical activity per day | Effect size* | P value† | |
No (n=228) | Yes (n=683) | |||||
Sex | Male | 36.0 | 37.3 | 35.6 | 0.02 | 0.688 |
Female | 64.0 | 62.7 | 64.4 | |||
Age (years) | 18–34 | 31.3 | 40.8 | 28.1 | 0.19 | <0.001 |
35–64 | 50.4 | 53.1 | 49.5 | |||
≥65 | 18.3 | 6.1 | 22.4 | |||
Marital status | Single/separated/divorced/widowed | 44.8 | 55.7 | 41.2 | 0.13 | <0.001 |
Married/in a domestic partnership | 55.2 | 44.3 | 58.8 | |||
Employment | No | 41.3 | 35.5 | 43.2 | 0.07 | 0.050 |
Yes | 58.7 | 64.5 | 56.8 | |||
Annual household income | <£15 000 | 14.8 | 22.7 | 12.1 | 0.14 | 0.002 |
£15 000–<£25 000 | 18.4 | 16.9 | 18.9 | |||
£25 000–<£40 000 | 22.8 | 17.3 | 24.6 | |||
£40 000–<£60 000 | 20.9 | 21.8 | 20.6 | |||
≥£60 000 | 23.2 | 21.3 | 23.8 | |||
Region | England | 77.3 | 81.1 | 76.1 | 0.07 | 0.259 |
Northern Ireland | 19.3 | 17.2 | 19.9 | |||
Scotland | 2.3 | 0.9 | 2.8 | |||
Wales | 1.1 | 0.9 | 1.2 | |||
Current smoking | No | 88.2 | 86.3 | 88.8 | 0.03 | 0.377 |
Yes | 11.8 | 13.7 | 11.2 | |||
Current alcohol consumption | No | 32.7 | 37.2 | 31.2 | 0.06 | 0.114 |
Yes | 67.3 | 62.8 | 68.8 | |||
Level of physical activity per day when not social distancing (in minutes) | Mean (SD) | 166.2 (167.7) | 107.8 (145.0) | 185.7 (170.3) | 0.47 | <0.001 |
Number of chronic physical conditions | Mean (SD) | 1.8 (2.1) | 1.7 (2.1) | 1.8 (2.1) | 0.04 | 0.559 |
Number of chronic psychiatric conditions | Mean (SD) | 0.6 (0.9) | 0.9 (1.0) | 0.6 (0.8) | 0.33 | <0.001 |
Any physical symptom experienced during social distancing | No | 73.9 | 57.4 | 79.5 | 0.22 | <0.001 |
Yes | 26.1 | 42.6 | 20.5 | |||
Number of days of social distancing | Mean (SD) | 9.1 (6.9) | 8.3 (4.2) | 9.4 (7.6) | 0.16 | 0.007 |
Participants were asked how much time in minutes they spend on an average day in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity when self-isolating. The WHO recommendations on physical activity levels per week (ie, at least 150 min of moderate physical activity and/or 75 min of vigorous physical activity in adults aged ≥18 years) were further used to distinguish participants with and those without sufficient physical activity per day (ie, approximately 21 min of moderate physical activity and/or 11 min of vigorous physical activity).
Values are percentages unless otherwise stated.
*Effect size was calculated using phi coefficient for categorical variables with two categories, Cramer’s V for categorical variables with more than two categories, and Cohen’s d for continuous variables.
†P values were based on χ2 tests for categorical variables and on t-tests for continuous variables.