Table 1

Sample characteristics (overall and by physical activity status)

Characteristics	Category	Overall (n=911)	Sufficient physical activity per day		Effect size*	P value†
Characteristics	Category	Overall (n=911)	No (n=228)	Yes (n=683)	Effect size*	P value†
Sex	Male	36.0	37.3	35.6	0.02	0.688
Sex	Female	64.0	62.7	64.4	0.02	0.688
Age (years)	18–34	31.3	40.8	28.1	0.19	<0.001
	35–64	50.4	53.1	49.5
	≥65	18.3	6.1	22.4
Marital status	Single/separated/divorced/widowed	44.8	55.7	41.2	0.13	<0.001
Marital status	Married/in a domestic partnership	55.2	44.3	58.8	0.13	<0.001
Employment	No	41.3	35.5	43.2	0.07	0.050
Employment	Yes	58.7	64.5	56.8	0.07	0.050
Annual household income	<£15 000	14.8	22.7	12.1	0.14	0.002
	£15 000–<£25 000	18.4	16.9	18.9
	£25 000–<£40 000	22.8	17.3	24.6
	£40 000–<£60 000	20.9	21.8	20.6
	≥£60 000	23.2	21.3	23.8
Region	England	77.3	81.1	76.1	0.07	0.259
	Northern Ireland	19.3	17.2	19.9
	Scotland	2.3	0.9	2.8
	Wales	1.1	0.9	1.2
Current smoking	No	88.2	86.3	88.8	0.03	0.377
Current smoking	Yes	11.8	13.7	11.2	0.03	0.377
Current alcohol consumption	No	32.7	37.2	31.2	0.06	0.114
Current alcohol consumption	Yes	67.3	62.8	68.8	0.06	0.114
Level of physical activity per day when not social distancing (in minutes)	Mean (SD)	166.2 (167.7)	107.8 (145.0)	185.7 (170.3)	0.47	<0.001
Number of chronic physical conditions	Mean (SD)	1.8 (2.1)	1.7 (2.1)	1.8 (2.1)	0.04	0.559
Number of chronic psychiatric conditions	Mean (SD)	0.6 (0.9)	0.9 (1.0)	0.6 (0.8)	0.33	<0.001
Any physical symptom experienced during social distancing	No	73.9	57.4	79.5	0.22	<0.001
Any physical symptom experienced during social distancing	Yes	26.1	42.6	20.5	0.22	<0.001
Number of days of social distancing	Mean (SD)	9.1 (6.9)	8.3 (4.2)	9.4 (7.6)	0.16	0.007

Participants were asked how much time in minutes they spend on an average day in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity when self-isolating. The WHO recommendations on physical activity levels per week (ie, at least 150 min of moderate physical activity and/or 75 min of vigorous physical activity in adults aged ≥18 years) were further used to distinguish participants with and those without sufficient physical activity per day (ie, approximately 21 min of moderate physical activity and/or 11 min of vigorous physical activity).
Values are percentages unless otherwise stated.
*Effect size was calculated using phi coefficient for categorical variables with two categories, Cramer’s V for categorical variables with more than two categories, and Cohen’s d for continuous variables.
†P values were based on χ² tests for categorical variables and on t-tests for continuous variables.