To show whether studies favoured nKC or KC exercises for axioscapula muscle ratios
| Study | UT:LT ratio | UT:SA ratio | UT:MT ratio | Lowest ratios |
| Yamauchi et al63 | KC 1.1 (0.8) <nKC 1 (1.3) | KC 2.1 (1.4)<nKC 2 (3.1) | KC 1.1 (2.4)<nKC 1 (3.6) | UT/LT=KC 2.1 (0.2) |
| KC 2.1 (0.2)<nKC 2 (0.3) | nKC 3 (0.5)<KC 3.1 (1.5) | KC 3.1 (1.0)<nKC 3 (1.1) | UT/SA=nKC 3 (0.5) | |
| KC 5.1 (0.4)<nKC 5 (0.5) | KC 4.1 (4.9)<nKC 4 (10.2) | KC 5.1 (0.6)<nKC 5 (0.9) | UT/MT=KC 2.1 (0.3) | |
| KC 6.1 (0.4)<nKC 6 (0.7) | KC 5.1 (9.3)<nKC 5 (18.7) | KC 6.1 (1.0)<nKC 6 (1.5) | ||
| nKC 6 (2.5)<KC 6.1 (4.2) | ||||
| Maenhout et al57 | N/A | nKC 1 (0.52)<KC 2 (1) & KC 5 (1.56) | N/A | UT/LT=KC 2 (1.03) |
| UT/SA=KC 3 (0.4) | ||||
| UT/MT=KC 5 (1.44) | ||||
| KC versus nKC overall | KC | ND | KC | KC |
Ratio of <1=muscle more active than UT.
Ratio of >1=UT more active.
KC, kinetic chain; LT, lower trapezius; MT, middle trapezius; N/A, not assessed; ND, no difference in overall KC and nKC exercises; nKC, non-kinetic chain; SA, serratus anterior; UT, upper trapezius.