Summary of results from the quantitative analyses regarding quality of life activities (9 studies with 1158 participants reporting on short-term and long-term effects combined). Number of studies and participants, (pooled) effect sizes and, if applicable, I2 statistics (depicting heterogeneity) are shown. Short-term and long-term effects are presented. Total results and results stratified by intervention component (active referral, e/mHealth and multicomponent interventions with a combination of elements) and patient category (back, knee, hip and upper extremity surgery) are shown.
| Short term | Long term | |||||||||
| N | n | Effect size | I2 | Forest plot | N | n | Effect size | I2 | Forest plot | |
| Total | 7 | 956 | 2.62 (1.16 to 4.08) | 17% | Figure 4 | 5 | 846 | 5.05 (2.64 to 7.46) | 53% | Figure 4 |
| Active referral | 1 | 63 | 2.87 (−3.84 to 9.58) | – | Online supplementary material 9 | – | – | – | – | – |
| e/mHealth | 3 | 311 | 1.98 (1.38 to 2.58) | 0% | Online supplementary material 9 | 3 | 360 | 3.52 (1.62 to 5.41) | 0% | Online supplementary material 9 |
| Combined | 3 | 582 | 5.13 (2.33 to 7.90) | 0% | Online supplementary material 9 | 2 | 486 | 7.76 (5.02 to 10.51) | 0% | Online supplementary material 9 |
| Back | 2 | 248 | 2.04 (1.44 to 2.64) | 0% | Online supplementary material 10 | 3 | 373 | 5.22 (2.18 to 8.26) | 51% | Online supplementary material 10 |
| Hip | 2 | 463 | 5.49 (2.36 to 8.61) | 0% | Online supplementary material 10 | 2 | 473 | 4.37 (−1.58 to 10.31) | 76% | Online supplementary material 10 |
| Knee | 2 | 149 | 0.62 (−3.55 to 4.79) | 0% | Online supplementary material 10 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Upper extremity | 1 | 96 | 1.48 (−5.60 to 8.56) | – | Online supplementary material 10 | – | – | – | – | – |
I2, heterogeneity; n, number of participants; N, number of studies.