Mean depressive symptom scores (CES-D20) based on the number of subconcussive impacts reported per occasion*
| Total subconcussive impacts per occasion | n | Depressive symptoms† | |
| Mean | SD | ||
| 0 | 407 | 7.34 | 5.53 |
| 1 | 48 | 7.90 | 6.16 |
| 2 | 33 | 7.49 | 5.29 |
| 3 | 9 | 9.00 | 5.36 |
| 4 | 4 | 11.00 | 10.00 |
| 5 | 1 | 15.00 | ‡ |
A dose–response relationship for concussion per player was unable to be explored, as a maximum of one concussion was reported per occasion.
*Excluded participants who had reported a stressful event or diagnosed mental health (DxMH), or incomplete CES-D20 (total sample included n=67); total of 502 cases were included from 67 participants over 11 occasions.
†Depressive symptoms is the CES-D20 sum score. CES-D20 ≥16 denotes presence of clinically relevant depressive symptoms.
‡SD unable to be calculated due to sample size (n=1).
CES-D20, Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale.