Table 1

Studies and PICO

Study (A–Z)	Participants N, status, gender	Exercise type, HIIT work interval intensity, MICT intensity	Sessions week^-1	Weeks	Outcomes
Ciolac et al64	22 healthy ♀	Treadmill walking or running HIIT: 80%–90% VO_2MAX, MICT: 60%–70% VO_2MAX	3	16	TC, TRG, HDL-C, LDL-C
Connolly et al65	30 healthy ♀	Ergocycle HIIT: 30–<100% sprint, MICT: 70%–85% HR_PEAK	3	12	TC, TRG, HDL-C, LDL-C, TC/HDL-C
Cuddy et al66	27 Ov–Ob ♀♂	Ergocycle HIIT: 100% sprint; MICT: 40%–65% HRR	HIIT: 2–4 MICT: 3–5	8	TRG, HDL-C
Fisher et al76	23 Ov–Ob ♂	Ergocycle HIIT: 85% sprint, MICT: 55%–65% VO_2PEAK	HIIT: 3 MICT: 5	6	TC, TRG, HDL-C, LDL-C
Hwang et al67	29 Ov ♀♂	All-extremity ergometer HIIT: 90% HR_PEAK, MICT: 70% HR_PEAK	4	8	TC, TRG, HDL-C, LDL-C
Keating et al68	22 Ov ♀♂	Ergocycle HIIT: 120% VO_2PEAK, MICT: 50%–65% VO_2PEAK	3	12	TC, TRG, HDL-C, LDL-C
Kemmler et al24	65 Ov–MetS ♂	Running HIIT: 95%–110% HR_IAT, MICT: 70%–82.5% HR_IAT	2–4	16	TRG, HDL-C
Kong et al69	26 Ob♀	Ergocycle HIIT: max VO_2PEAK, MICT: 60%–80% VO_2PEAK	4	5	TC, TRG, HDL-C, LDL-C
Lee, et al a61	20 healthy ♂	Ergocyle HIIT: 85%–90% VO_2MAX, MICT: not stated	3	4	TC, TRG, HDL-C, LDL-C
Lee, et al b61	18 healthy ♂	Ergocycle HIIT: 85%–90% VO_2MAX, MICT: not stated	3	4	TC, TRG, HDL-C, LDL-C
Lira et al70	20 healthy ♂	Treadmill HIIT: 100% sVO_2PEAK, MICT: 70% sVO_2PEAK	3	5	TC, TRG, HDL-C
Maillard et al77	16 Ov–Ob, T2D♀	Ergocycle HIIT: 80% MHR, MICT: 55%–60% target HR	2	16	TC, TRG, HDL-C, LDL-C, TC/HDL-C
Matsuo et al75	26 Ov–MetS ♂	Ergocycle HIIT: 85% VO_2PEAK, MICT: 60%–65% VO_2PEAK	3	8	TC, TRG, HDL-C, LDL-C, TC/HDL-C
Mohr et al71	42 hours, Ov ♀	Free-style swimming HIIT: 85%–95% MHR, MICT: 72%–79% MHR	3	15	TC, HDL-C, LDL-C
Morales-Palermo et al a62	50 MetS♀♂	Ergocycle HIIT4: 90% MHR, MICT: 70% MHR	3	16	TC, TRG, HDL-C, LDL-C
Morales-Palermo et al b62	49 MetS♀♂	Ergocycle HIIT1:100% MHR, MICT: 70% MHR	3	16	TC, TRG, HDL-C, LDL-C
Moreira et al72	16 Ob ♀♂	Ergocycle HIIT: 60%–72% VO_2MAX, MICT: 55%–66% VO_2MAX	3	12	TC, TRG
Nybo et al73	17 healthy ♂	Running HIIT: 85% VO_2MAX, MICT: 65% VO_2MAX	3	12	TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, TC/HDL-C
Ramos et al58	32 MetS, T2D ♀♂	Walking/running, ergocycle/cycling, swimming HIIT: 85%–95% HR_PEAK, MICT: 60%–70% HR_PEAK	HIIT: 3 MICT: 5	16	TRG, HDL-C
Ruffino et al78	16 Ov–Ob, T2D ♂	Ergocycle, walking HIIT: 80%–90% MHR, MICT: 50%–55% HRR	HIIT: 3 MICT: 5	8	TRG, HDL-C, LDL-C
Sawyer et al79	18 Ob ♀♂	Ergocycle HIIT: 90%–95% MHR, MICT: 70%–75% MHR	3	8	TC, TRG, HDL-C, LDL-C
Shepherd et al74	78 Ov ♀♂	Ergocycle HIIT:>90% MHR, MICT: 70% MHR	HIIT: 3 MICT: 5	10	TC, TRG, HDL-C, LDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C
Thomas et al a63	14 healthy ♂	Running HIIT: 90%–100% MHR, MICT: 75%–85% MHR	3	11	TC, HDL-C
Thomas et al b63	14 healthy ♂	Running HIIT: 90%–100% MHR, MICT: 75%–85% MHR	3	11	TC, HDL-C
Tjønna et al55	19 MetS ♀♂	Treadmill walking and running HIIT: 90% MHR, MICT: 70% MHR	3	8	TRG, HDL-C
Vella et al25	17 Ov–Ob ♀♂	Treadmill, ergocycle, elliptical HIIT: 75%–80% HRR, MICT: 55%–59% HRR	4	8	TC, TRG, HDL-C, LDL-C
Winding et al80	25 Ov, T2D ♀♂	Ergocycle HIIT: 95% W_PEAK, MICT: 50% W_PEAK	3	11	TC, TRG, HDL-C, LDL-C
Winn et al81	16 Ob ♀♂†	Treadmill walking and running HIIT: 80% VO_2PEAK, MICT: 55% VO_2PEAK	4	4	TC, TRG, HDL-C, LDL-C
Zhang et al82	24 Ob ♀	Treadmill running HIIT: 50%–95% HR_PEAK, MICT: 60%–70% HR_PEAK	4	12	TC, TRG

*HR_IAT—HR at indvidual aerobic thershold IAt (minimum lactate 2.0 mmol/L).
†Assumed. Gender not specified.
HDL-C, High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HIIT, High intensity interval training; HR, Heart rate; HR_PEAK, Peak heart rate; HRR, Heart rate reserve; IAT, individual anaerobic threshold; LDL-C, Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MetS, Metabolic Syndrome; MHR, maximal heart rate; MICT, Moderate intensity continuous training; Ob, Obesity; Ov, Overweight; PICO, Participants, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome; TC, Total cholesterol; T2D, Type 2 diabetes mellitus; TRG, Triglycerides; VO_2PEAK,VO_2MAX, Peak oxygen consumption; W_PEAK, Workload or watts.