Table 3

Repeated measure ANCOVA: pain by time × group

F valueSignificance
PPT iliocostalisRight0.000.97
Left0.750.39
PPT multifidusRight0.060.81
Left0.080.78
VAS3.320.08
RM0.260.61
  • A table showing the time × group interaction for the change in pain and disability over the three sessions of the experiment. The F value and level of significance are displayed for the algometry (PPT), VAS and RM scores; baseline scores were used as a covariant.

  • ANCOVA, analysis of covariance; PPT, pressure-pain threshold; RM, repeated measures; VAS, Visual Analogue Scale.