Table 2

Study characteristics

	Gender	n	Age (±SD)	BMI (±SD)	Subjects	Injury definition
Bond et al 36	Male	63	21.0(±1.4)	24.1	NCAA Division IIcollegiate basketballplayers	Injuries were determined as those that resulted in zero days of time lost, which meant that theplayer returned to full participation on the same day the injury occurred as minimum.
Bond et al 36	Female	56	20.2(±1.4)	22.7	NCAA Division IIcollegiate basketballplayers
Bushman et al 37	Male	2476	–	–	Soldiers	All inpatient and outpatient medical encounters were collected as an injury. Overuse injury related to musculoskeletal conditions, such as stress fractures, Achilles tendinitis or knee pain syndromes. Traumatic injuries such as acute sprains and strains, fractures and dislocations.
Butler et al 34	Male	108	–	–	Firefighter trainees	Missing three consecutive days of training in the academy due to musculoskeletal pain, excluding burns.
Chorba et al 32	Female	38	19.2 (±1.2)	–	NCAA Division II collegiate athletes	Injury occurred in an organised intercollegiate practice or competition setting. It required medical attention, or the athlete sought advice.
Dossa et al 33	Male	20	18.2 (±1.3)*	25.2	Major junior hockey team	Injury occurred during a game or practice which resulted in the player missing at least one game.
Garrison et al 42	Male	88	17.0-22.0	-	NCAA Division I collegiate athletes	Injury was defined as any musculoskeletal pain complaint, on or off the field of com- com petition. The iInjury was associated with athletic participation, required consultation with a trainer, physical therapist or physician, and resulted in modified training for at least 24 hours.
Garrison et al 42	Female	80	17.0-22.0	-	NCAA Division I collegiate athletes
Hotta et al 39	Male	84	20.0 (±1.1)	19.7	Runners	Musculoskeletal injury occurred as a result of participating in a practice or race in track and field and was sufficiently severe to prevent participation for at least 4 weeks.
Kiesel et al 9	–	46	–	–	Professional football players	Time loss of 3 weeks.
Knapik et al 31	Male	770	18.1(±0.7)	23.6(±3.2)	US Coast Guard cadets	Any physical damage to the body that resulted in a clinic visit and that was suspected to have been caused by physical training.
Knapik et al 31	Female	275	17.9(±0.7)	22.6(±2.7)	US Coast Guard cadets
Kodesh et al 38	Female	158	19.0	20.8	Soldiers	Diagnosis of an injury was provided by the base medical physician.
Mokha et al 41	Male	20	20.4(±1.3)	23.5	NCAA Division II collegiate athletes	The injury occurred in a practice, session or competition, required attention or the athlete sought medical care and resulted in modified training for at least 24 hours or required protective splinting or taping for continued sport participation.
	Female	64	19.1(±1.2)	22.6	NCAA Division II collegiate athletes
O’Connor et al 35	Male	874	22.4 (±2.7)	–	Marine officer candidates	Physical damage during training and sought medical care one or more times. It included all injury cases. Overuse injuries were long-term repetitive energy exchange, and serious injuries were any type of injury that was severe enough to remove the subject from the training programme.
Warren et al 40	Male	89	20.0	23.9–25.9	NCAA Division I collegiate athletes	Non-contact mechanism that was reported to the athletic training room and required intervention
	Female	78	20.0	23.9–25.9	NCAA Division I collegiate athletes

–, not reported.
*Approximately calculated based on the data provided by the author.
BMI, body mass index; NCAA, National Collegiate Athletic Association.