Table 2

Markers evaluated by the EROS study that were not included in the present analysis

Study/tests	Markers (total number of non-included markers: 50)	Reason to be excluded from the joint analysis
EROS-HPA axis	Total number of non-included markers: 6
Basal ACTH and cortisol and their response to an insulin tolerance test (ITT)	(1) Basal ACTH/cortisol ratio (2) ACTH/cortisol ratio during hypoglycaemia (3) ACTH/cortisol ratio 30 min after hypoglycaemia	Unsubstantiated marker Unsubstantiated marker Unsubstantiated marker
Cortisol response to a cosyntropin stimulation test (CST)	(4) Basal cortisol (µg/dL) (5) Difference between basal cortisol on day 1 (CST) and day 3 (ITT) (%)	Does not provide additional independent data Unsubstantiated marker
Salivary cortisol rhythm	(6) Difference between 08:00 and 16:00 salivary cortisol (%)	Unsubstantiated marker
EROS-STRESS	Total number of evaluated markers: 5
ITT	(1) Basal serum glucose (mg/dL) (2) Serum glucose during hypoglycaemia (mg/dL) (3) Capillary glucose during hypoglycaemia (mg/dL) (4) Adrenergic symptoms during hypoglycaemia (0–10) (5) Neuroglycopenic symptoms during hypoglycaemia (0–10)	Does not provide additional independent data Does not provide additional independent data Does not provide additional independent data Unsubstantiated marker Unsubstantiated marker
EROS-BASAL	Total number of evaluated markers: 6
Hormonal markers	(1) Catecholamine-to-metanephrine ratio	Unsubstantiated marker
Biochemical markers	(2) Medium corpuscular volume (3) Platelets (10⁹/L) (4) Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL) (5) High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL) (6) Tryglicerides (mg/dL)	Does not provide additional independent data Does not provide additional independent data Data missed in >5% of participants Data missed in >5% of participants Data missed in >5% of participants
EROS-PROFILE	Total number of evaluated markers: 33
Nutritional patterns	(1) Calorie intake (kcal/kg/day) (2) Carbohydrate intake (g/kg/day) (3) % calories from carbohydrate (%) (4) Protein intake (g/kg/day) (5) % calories from protein (%) (6) Fat intake (g/kg/day) (7) % calories from fat (%) (8) Carbohydrate intake>3 g/kg/day (Y/N) (9) Daily whey protein consumption (Y/N) (10) Followed a diet plan (Y/N) (11) Postworkout carbohydrate intake>0.5 g/kg (Y/N; only applicable for athletes)	Possible trigger of OTS, not a consequent behaviour Possible trigger of OTS, not a consequent behaviour Marker intrinsically linked to other parameters Possible trigger of OTS, not a consequent behaviour Marker intrinsically linked to other parameters Possible trigger of OTS, not a consequent behaviour Marker intrinsically linked to other parameters Qualitative marker Qualitative marker Qualitative marker Qualitative marker
Psychological patterns	(12) How do you fell today? (0–10) (13) Have you been sick in the last 2 weeks? (Y/N) (14) How was your last training session compared with the projected goals? (Extremely easy to extremely hard) (15) How do your muscles feel? (Nothing at all to extremely painful) (16) How friendly do you feel today? (0–6) (17) How worthless do you feel today? (0–6) (18) How miserable do you feel today? (0–6) (19) How helpful do you feel today? (0–6) (20) How bad-tempered do you feel today? (0–6) (21) How unworthy do you feel today? (0–6) (22) How peeved do you feel today? (0–6) (23) How cheerful do you feel today? (0–6) (24) How sad do you feel today? (0–6) (25) Number of hours of activities besides professional training (hours/day)	Alone does not determine diagnosis or status Qualitative marker Alone does not determine diagnosis or status Alone does not determine diagnosis or status Alone does not determine diagnosis or status Alone does not determine diagnosis or status Alone does not determine diagnosis or status Alone does not determine diagnosis or status Alone does not determine diagnosis or status Alone does not determine diagnosis or status Alone does not determine diagnosis or status Alone does not determine diagnosis or status Alone does not determine diagnosis or status Possible trigger of OTS, not a consequent behaviour
Social patterns	(25) Initial imnsonia (Y/N) (26) Terminal imnsonia (Y/N) (27) More than two wake-ups during sleep (Y/N) (28) Work and/or study (Y/N) (29) Libido during resting periods/vacations (0–10)	Qualitative marker Qualitative marker Qualitative marker Qualitative marker Does not provide additional independent data
Body composition	(30) Waist circumference (cm) (31) Chest circumference (cm) (32) Biceps circumference (cm) (33) Hip circumference (cm)	Alone does not determine diagnosis or status Alone does not determine diagnosis or status Alone does not determine diagnosis or status Alone does not determine diagnosis or status

ACTH, adrenocorticotropic hormone; EROS, Endocrine and Metabolic Responses on Overtraining Syndrome; N, No; OTS, overtraining syndrome; Y, yes.