General characteristics of studied population of collegiate football players at the time of PPE
| Characteristic | N=340 | Race | P value* | Position group | P value* | ||
| Black (N=197) | White (N=142) | Non-linemen (N=214) | Linemen (N=126) | ||||
| Mean (SD) (range) | Mean (SD) (range) | Mean (SD) (range) | |||||
| Age, years | 18.3 (1.0) (17–23) | 18.2 (0.9) (17–21) | 18.5 (1.2) (17–23) | 0.002 | 18.4 (1.1) (17–23) | 18.2 (0.9) (17–21) | 0.049 |
| Height, cm | 186.7 (6.8) (167.6–201.0) | 186.4 (6.5) (167.6–201.0) | 187.1 (7.2) [170.2–200.7) | 0.362 | 183.8 (6.1) (167.6–196.9) | 191.6 (4.9) (179.7–201.0) | <0.001 |
| Weight, kg | 102.5 (30.0) (61.2–162.2) | 103.3 (21.3) (66.9–162.2) | 101.4 (20.6) (61.2–155.4) | 0.400 | 90.7 (11.0) (61.2–125.9) | 122.4 (18.7) (77.1–162.2) | <0.001 |
| BSA, m2 | 2.30 (0.26) (1.72–2.94) | 2.30 (0.26) (1.84–2.93) | 2.29 (0.26) (1.72–2.94) | 0.554 | 2.15 (0.15) (1.72–2.56) | 2.55 (0.21) (1.97–2.94) | <0.001 |
| Heart rate, bpm | 68.6 (11.5) (43–105) | 67.6 (11.6) (43–105) | 69.9 (11.4) (48–104) | 0.076 | 67.2 (11.2) (43–99) | 71.1 (11.9) (51–105) | 0.004 |
| LVEF | 59.9 (5.1) (48–80) | 59.7 (5.0) (50–80) | 60.1 (5.3) (48–78) | 0.440 | 59.8 (5.3) (50–80) | 59.9 (4.8) (48–76) | 0.938 |
The 340 participants is a subset of a larger sample (N=375) with additional echocardiograph measures. No demographic differences were noted between those with (N=340) and those without (N=35) available ARD data. Other missing data within the ARD sample (N): race (1), heart rate (2), LVEF (6).
*Demographic characteristic differences assessed using independent samples t-test.
ARD, aortic root diameter; LVEF, left ventricle ejection fraction; bpm, beats per minute.