ARD indexed by BSA reference values by BSA group
| Echo index measure (mm/m2) | Overall sample | BSA reference group | General population male norms4 13 17 | ||
| Below average | Average | Above average | |||
| 1.72–2.94 m2 | 1.72–2.05 m2 | 2.06–2.57 m2 | 2.58–2.94 m2 | ||
| ARD/BSA | |||||
| Normal | <15.8 | <16.8 | <15.6 | <13.9 | <20.2 |
| Mildly abnormal | 15.8–16.5 | 16.8–17.5 | 15.6–16.2 | 13.9–14.4 | 20.2–21.0 |
| Moderately abnormal | 16.6–17.3 | 17.6–18.3 | 16.3–16.9 | 14.5–15.1 | 21.1–22.0 |
| Severely abnormal | >17.3 | >18.3 | >16.9 | >15.1 | >22.0 |
Mildly abnormal: 95–98th percentile or 1.6<Z<2.0.
Moderately abnormal: 98–99th percentile or 2.0<Z<2.5.
Severely abnormal: >99th percentile or Z>2.5.
.ARD, aortic root diameter; BSA, body surface area.