ARD reference values by BSA group
| Echo measure (mm) | Overall sample | BSA reference group | General population male norms4 13 17 | ||
| Below average | Average | Above average | |||
| 1.72–2.94 m2 | 1.72–2.05 m2 | 2.06–2.57 m2 | 2.58–2.94 m2 | ||
| ARD | |||||
| Normal | <35.6 | <32.4 | <35.5 | <37.9 | <38.8 |
| Mildly abnormal | 35.6–37.1 | 32.4–33.5 | 35.5–36.9 | 37.9–39.4 | 38.8–40.0 |
| Moderately abnormal | 37.2–38.9 | 33.6–35.0 | 37.0–38.7 | 39.5–41.2 | 40.1–41.5 |
| Severely abnormal | >38.9 | >35.0 | >38.7 | >41.2 | >41.5 |
Our definitions for BSA reference groups: mildly abnormal: 95–98th percentile or 1.6<Z<2.0; moderately abnormal: 98–99th percentile or 2.0<Z<2.5; severely abnormal: >99th percentile or Z>2.5.
.ARD, aortic root diameter; BSA, body surface area.