TPQ dimensions | Controls | All cases | P value* | Clinically diagnosed | P value** |
Junior | |||||
N | (44) | (40) | (33) | ||
NS | 15.3±4.8 (44) | 15.3±3.9 (37) | 0.961 | 15.2±3.9 (30) | 0.879 |
HA† | 12.9±5.9 (44) | 9.7±5.0 (39) | 0.009 | 9.5±4.8 (31) | 0.006 |
HA1 | 4.1±2.2 (47) | 3.0±1.9 (41) | 0.024 | 2.9±1.7 (33) | 0.012 |
HA2 | 3.0±2.0 (46) | 2.1±1.5 (40) | 0.017 | 1.9±1.4 (32) | 0.009 |
HA3 | 3.0±2.2 (47) | 2.3±2.0 (42) | 0.071 | 2.4±2.1 (34) | 0.108 |
HA4 | 3.0±2.3 (47) | 2.5±2.3 (41) | 0.321 | 2.5±2.3 (33) | 0.294 |
RD | 17.8±3.9 (43) | 18.2±4.9 (40) | 0.799 | 18.7±4.9 (33) | 0.447 |
Senior | |||||
N | (56) | (87) | (76) | ||
NS | 16.6±5.6 (54) | 15.7±5.3 (85) | 0.481 | 16.0±5.2 (73) | 0.651 |
HA† | 8.1±4.9 (56) | 11.2±6.1 (86) | 0.001 | 11.1±6.0 (74) | 0.002 |
HA1 | 2.1±1.7 (57) | 3.1±2.1 (89) | 0.003 | 3.1±2.1 (76) | 0.004 |
HA2 | 2.0±1.9 (58) | 2.5±1.7 (91) | 0.103 | 2.4±1.6 (78) | 0.263 |
HA3 | 1.8±1.7 (59) | 2.6±2.1 (89) | 0.018 | 2.6±2.1 (77) | 0.038 |
HA4 | 2.1±2.1 (58) | 3.0±2.4 (90) | 0.004 | 3.1±2.3 (77) | 0.004 |
RD | 19.5±4.0 (55) | 19.1±4.2 (87) | 0.654 | 19.5±4.0 (76) | 0.955 |
The means±SD are presented with total number (N) of participants given in parentheses.
*P values for the control group compared to all clinically diagnosed and self-reported concussed cases (all cases). **Clinically diagnosed concussed cases (clinically diagnosed), with significant differences highlighted in bold (p<0.05, age-adjusted).
†The HA main dimension is significantly different, thus the HA subscales (HA1–HA4) are displayed.