Cause of medical record reviewed musculoskeletal injuries among 130 US Air Force Special Operations Command Special Tactics Operators (during a 1-year period)
| Cause of injury | All injuries (%) | Preventable injuries (%) |
| Crushing | 1 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) |
| Direct trauma | 9 (8.2) | 0 (0.0) |
| Fall—same level | 2 (1.8) | 0 (0.0) |
| Fall—stairs or ladder | 1 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) |
| Landing | 9 (8.2) | 2 (4.3) |
| Lifting | 24 (21.8) | 22 (47.8) |
| Planting | 1 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) |
| Pulling | 2 (1.8) | 1 (2.2) |
| Ruck marching | 6 (5.5) | 6 (13.0) |
| Running | 3 (2.7) | 3 (6.5) |
| Twist/turn/slip (no fall) | 3 (2.7) | 1 (2.2) |
| Other | 14 (12.7) | 8 (17.4) |
| Unknown | 35 (31.8) | 3 (6.5) |
| Total | 110 | 46 |