DASH, WORC, BPI, AHD, shoulder strength and ROM for cryotherapy and exercises groups at baseline and follow-up
| Outcome measures | Week | Cryotherapy group | Exercises group | Mean difference |
| (n=23) | (n=20) | (95% CI) | ||
| Mean score | Mean score | |||
| DASH (0–100) | 0 | 28.3 (15.3) | 29.3 (12.6) | −1.0 (−9.7 to 7.7) |
| 2 | 17.2 (11.5) | 16.3 (11.3) | 0.9 (−6.1 to 9.0) | |
| 6 | 12,6 (12.5) | 16.3 (12.1) | −3.7 (−11.3 to 3.9) | |
| WORC (0–100) | 0 | 57.9 (19.6) | 55.7 (21.0) | 2.2 (−10.3 to 14.8) |
| 2 | 75.2 (18.2) | 80.6 (17.1) | −5.4 (−16.3 to 5.5) | |
| 6 | 83.1 (15.0) | 83.3 (19.3) | −0.2 (−10.7 to 10.4) | |
| BPI (0–10) | 0 | 2.7 (1.6) | 3.2 (1.9) | −0.5 (−1.5 to 0.6) |
| 2 | 1.7 (1.2) | 1.8 (1.8) | −0.1 (−1.1 to 0.8) | |
| 6 | 1.2 (1.3) | 1.6 (1.9) | −0.4 (−1.4 to 0.6) | |
| AHD 0°, cm | 0 | 1.1 (0.1) | 1.0 (0.2) | 0.1 (−0.0 to 0.2) |
| 2 | 1.1 (0.1) | 1.0 (0.1) | 0.1 (−0.0 to 0.2) | |
| AHD 45°, cm | 0 | 0.8 (0.2) | 0.8 (0.2) | 0.0 (−1.0 to 0.2) |
| 2 | 0.8 (0.1) | 0.8 (0.2) | 0.0 (−1.0 to 0.2) | |
| AHD 60°, cm | 0 | 0.8 (0.2) | 0.7 (0.2) | 0.1 (−0.0 to 0.2) |
| 2 | 0.8 (0.2) | 0.7 (0.2) | 0.1 (−0.0 to 0.2) | |
| ABD 0°, strength, kg | 0 | 67.4 (34.7) | 77.1 (34.9) | −9.7 (−33.3 to 14.0) |
| 2 | 74.7 (33.7) | 77.6 (41.4) | −2.9 (−28.3 to 22.6) | |
| ER 0°, strength, kg | 0 | 23.5 (10.8) | 25.8 (9.3) | −2.3 (−9.2 to 4.5) |
| 2 | 24.8 (10.8) | 28.0 (9.6) | −3.2 (−10.1 to 3.8) | |
| ROM flexion, ° | 0 | 165.9 (14.1) | 165.4 (10.9) | 0.5 (−7.3 to 8.3) |
| 2 | 166.7 (7.9) | 167.5 (9.0) | −0.8 (−6.6 to 4.4) | |
| ROM ER 0°, ° | 0 | 68.3 (15.9) | 71.7 (10.6) | −3.4 (−11.9 to 5.0) |
| 2 | 68.4 (15.9) | 70.5 (12.5) | −2.1 (−11.4 to 7.1) | |
| ROM ER 90°, ° | 0 | 90.7 (15.6) | 95.2 (15.3) | −4.5 (−14.0 to 5.1) |
| 2 | 95.2 (14.6) | 97.9 (12.1) | −2.7 (−11.0 to 5.7) | |
| ROM IR 90°, ° | 0 | 70.1 (17.2) | 74.3 (17.0) | −4.2 (−14.8 to 6.3) |
| 2 | 68.7 (14.1) | 72.4 (17.6) | −3.7 (−13.4 to 6.1) |
Data presented as mean (SD). Intention-to-treat analyses for DASH, WORC and BPI.
ABD, Abduction; AHD, acromiohumeral distance; BPI, Brief Pain Inventory, short version (0–10, 0=no pain); DASH, Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire 24 (0–100, 0=no disability); ER, external rotation of the shoulder; IR, internal rotation of the shoulder; ROM, range of motion; WORC, Western Ontario Rotator Cuff index (0–100, 100=no functional loss).